Kinetically Controlled Formation of Semi-crystalline Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures

Kei, Peter; Howell, Mitchell T.; Chavez, Carlos A.; Mai, Joseph C.; Do, Changwoo; Hong, Kunlun; Nesterov, Evgueni E.

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02774

Title: Kinetically Controlled Formation of Semi-crystalline Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures

Journal Article · Fri Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Macromolecules

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02774· OSTI ID:1777694

Kei, Peter ^[1]; Howell, Mitchell T. ^[2]; Chavez, Carlos A. ^[1]; Mai, Joseph C. ^[1];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5]

Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)
Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States); Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL (United States)

Conjugated polymer (CP) materials that are considered as an attractive choice for various electronic and optoelectronic applications possess highly heterogeneous complex structures that can span several orders of magnitude in length scale. This is due to the intricate coupling effects of weak secondary interactions and entropic forces that determine molecular organization in bulk polymer materials. Understanding the influence of molecular interactions on the emergence and evolution of nano- and microscale structures is of paramount importance to the guided design and development of condensed CP materials. Such understanding is even more critical for the rational design of hierarchical systems away from equilibrium, where weak molecular interactions can guide the system along competing kinetic pathways toward local energy minima and metastable architectures. In this work, we studied a promising concept for accessing various kinetically stabilized semi-crystalline CP nanostructures that are formed in the process of controlled chain-growth Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerization initiated by a small-molecule catalytic species which can exist in equilibrium between free and aggregated states. Specifically, we chose a small-molecule perylenedicarboximide (PDCI) polymerization catalytic initiator which has a strong tendency toward reversible supramolecular assembly–disassembly that can be controlled by temperature. Addition of a thiophene monomer to a solution of the PDCI initiator starts the chain-growth polymerization process, which produces distinct nanoscale semi-crystalline polythiophene structures formed under predominant kinetic control. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, depending on the reaction temperature (which affects the fine balance between the position of PDCI assembly–disassembly equilibrium, rate of polymerization, and solvent–solute interactions for the growing polythiophene chains), a range of kinetically trapped hierarchically organized semi-crystalline CP systems with substantially varying optoelectronic properties could be obtained. In addition to spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies, in order to better reveal the structural aspects of the generated polymer nanoscale systems, we carried out a series of X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering experiments which indicated complex hierarchical organization in these kinetically stabilized CP assembled materials. We expect that this in situ polymerization-based approach can lead to a general way to expand access to various semi-crystalline CP nanostructured materials with broadly tunable electronic and optical properties.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0012432; CHE-1726931

OSTI ID:: 1777694

Journal Information:: Macromolecules, Vol. 54, Issue 5; ISSN 0024-9297

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Oligothiophenes for Field-Effect Transistors and Solar Cells Mei, Jianguo; Graham, Kenneth R.; Stalder, Romain Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm1036869	journal	May 2011
High-performance conjugated polymer donor materials for polymer solar cells with narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors Cui, Chaohua; Li, Yongfang Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee02531f	journal	January 2019

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