Microwave-Based Synthesis of Functional Morphological Variants and Carbon Nanotube-Based Composites of VS4 for Electrochemical Applications

Salvatore, Kenna L.; Tan, Sha; Tang, Christopher; Gan, Joceline; Licht, Matthew; Lin, Cheng-Hung; Tong, Xiao; Chen-Wiegart, Yu-chen Karen; Takeuchi, Esther S.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.; Marschilok, Amy C.; Wong, Stanislaus S.

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03785

Title: Microwave-Based Synthesis of Functional Morphological Variants and Carbon Nanotube-Based Composites of VS₄ for Electrochemical Applications

Journal Article · Wed Oct 28 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03785· OSTI ID:1765652

Salvatore, Kenna L. ^[1];

^[1]; Tang, Christopher ^[1]; Gan, Joceline ^[1]; Licht, Matthew ^[1];

^[1]; Tong, Xiao ^[2];

^[3];

^[1];

^[3];

^[1]

State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

A novel facile, fast, and efficient microwave-assisted method was developed to synthesize a number of diverse nanostructured motifs (ranging from nanorods to nanoflowers) of VS₄ along with its associated composite heterostructures, VS₄/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT; i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes). Specifically, we have probed and correlated the effects of a number of specific experimental variables, including primarily precursor, solvent, temperature, and time. We noted that nanorods formed more readily with VO(acac)₂ as the vanadium precursor and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a polar reaction solvent. By contrast, we determined that hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) nanoflower-like assemblies, ranging in size from 100 to 200 nm in average diameter, could be controllably synthesized by using Na₃VO₄ as the vanadium precursor and an aqueous water: polar solvent mixture as the reaction medium. We also observed that VS₄ disintegrates, when in the presence of either air, solution, or a combination of these environments, and established that the extent of VS4 nanorod decomposition could be almost fully prevented by storage under nitrogen. From an application’s perspective, our VS₄ is electrochemically active and shows behavior, consistent with the literature. In particular, as compared with pristine VS₄ nanorods alone, we observed enhanced electrochemical activity with (i) 3D hierarchical flower-like motifs, (ii) unique necklace-like VS₄ nanorod–MWNT composites, and (iii) samples in which as-prepared VS4 nanorods had been annealed. Moreover, we found that the rational application of specific physical and chemical processing treatments, such as (i) thermal annealing to improve crystallinity, (ii) the addition of MWNTs to form conductive composites, and (iii) the evolution of morphology from one-dimensional (1D) nanorods to more complex 3D nanoflowers, was favorable to the resulting electrochemical performance with respect to increasing stability and reversibility.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0012673; 1839287

OSTI ID:: 1765652

Report Number(s):: BNL-221020-2021-JAAM

Journal Information:: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue 44; ISSN 2168-0485

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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