skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Spin crossovers and superdiffusion in the one-dimensional Hubbard model

Journal Article · · Physical Review. B

We use tools from integrability and generalized hydrodynamics to study finite-temperature dynamics in the one-dimensional Hubbard model. First, we examine charge, spin, and energy transport away from half-filling and zero magnetization, focusing on the strong coupling regime where we identify a rich interplay of temperature and energy scales, with crossovers between distinct dynamical regimes. We identify an intermediate-temperature regime analogous to the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid, where spin degrees of freedom are hot but charge degrees of freedom are at low temperature. We demonstrate that the spin Drude weight exhibits sharp features at the crossover between this regime and the low-temperature Luttinger liquid regime, which are absent in the charge and energy response, and rationalize this behavior in terms of the properties of Bethe ansatz quasiparticles.We then turn to the dynamics along special lines in the phase diagram corresponding to half-filling and/or zero magnetization where on general grounds we anticipate that the transport is subballistic but superdiffusive. We provide analytical and numerical evidence for Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) dynamical scaling (with length and time scales related via x ~ t2/3) along both lines and at the SO(4)-symmetric point where they intersect. Furthermore, our results suggest that both spin-coherence crossovers and KPZ scaling may be accessed in near-term experiments with optical lattice Hubbard emulators.

Research Organization:
Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0019168; DMR-1653271
OSTI ID:
1663368
Journal Information:
Physical Review. B, Vol. 102, Issue 11; ISSN 2469-9950
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (114)

Field Theories of Condensed Matter Physics book January 2013
Anderson localization and interactions in one-dimensional metals journal January 1988
Hydrodynamic Diffusion in Integrable Systems journal October 2018
Transport in Out-of-Equilibrium X X Z Chains: Exact Profiles of Charges and Currents journal November 2016
Anomalous Spin Diffusion in One-Dimensional Antiferromagnets journal October 2019
Theoretical Framework for Quasi-One Dimensional Systems journal November 2004
Quantum Generalized Hydrodynamics journal April 2020
Fourier transform of the 2 k F Luttinger liquid density correlation function with different spin and charge velocities journal May 2007
The One-Dimensional Hubbard Model book January 2009
Diffusive hydrodynamics from integrability breaking journal May 2020
Cold Bosonic Atoms in Optical Lattices journal October 1998
Colloquium : The spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid journal July 2007
η pairing and off-diagonal long-range order in a Hubbard model journal November 1989
Large-Scale Description of Interacting One-Dimensional Bose Gases: Generalized Hydrodynamics Supersedes Conventional Hydrodynamics journal November 2017
Universal Broadening of the Light Cone in Low-Temperature Transport journal April 2018
The Mott Metal-Insulator Transition book January 1997
Excitation spectrum of the one-dimensional Hubbard model journal March 1974
Probing the Superfluid-to-Mott Insulator Transition at the Single-Atom Level journal June 2010
Emergent Hydrodynamics in Integrable Quantum Systems Out of Equilibrium journal December 2016
Anomalous scaling of conductivity in integrable fermion systems journal November 2004
Quantum spin liquids journal January 2020
Hydrodynamics of operator spreading and quasiparticle diffusion in interacting integrable systems journal December 2018
Thermodynamics of One-Dimensional Solvable Models book January 2009
Imaging and addressing of individual fermionic atoms in an optical lattice journal December 2015
Microscopic Observation of Pauli Blocking in Degenerate Fermionic Lattice Gases journal December 2015
Anomalous relaxation and the high-temperature structure factor of XXZ spin chains journal July 2019
A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice journal November 2009
Transport in a spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid journal September 2005
Zero finite-temperature charge stiffness within the half-filled 1D Hubbard model journal December 2013
Thermoelectric power in one-dimensional Hubbard model journal February 2005
Solvable Hydrodynamics of Quantum Integrable Systems journal November 2017
Dynamical thermal response functions for strongly correlated one-dimensional systems: Hubbard and spinless fermion t V model journal September 2007
Nonequilibrium quantum dynamics and transport: from integrability to many-body localization journal June 2016
Universality Classes of Spin Transport in One-Dimensional Isotropic Magnets: The Onset of Logarithmic Anomalies journal May 2020
Transport in a classical model of a one-dimensional Mott insulator: Influence of conservation laws journal July 2001
Absence of ballistic charge transport in the half-filled 1D Hubbard model journal May 2018
Strongly disordered superfluids: Quantum fluctuations and critical behavior journal September 1986
Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity journal January 2006
Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices: mimicking condensed matter physics and beyond journal March 2007
Drude Weight for the Lieb-Liniger Bose Gas journal January 2017
Band and Correlated Insulators of Cold Fermions in a Mesoscopic Lattice journal March 2018
Spin- and density-resolved microscopy of antiferromagnetic correlations in Fermi-Hubbard chains journal September 2016
Dynamic Scaling of Growing Interfaces journal March 1986
Ballistic transport in the one-dimensional Hubbard model: The hydrodynamic approach journal August 2017
Dynamic roughening of directed lines journal August 1992
Far-from-Equilibrium Spin Transport in Heisenberg Quantum Magnets journal October 2014
Transport in out-of-equilibrium XXZ chains: Nonballistic behavior and correlation functions journal September 2017
Generalized hydrodynamic approach to charge and energy currents in the one-dimensional Hubbard model journal January 2020
A cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard antiferromagnet journal May 2017
String patterns in the doped Hubbard model journal July 2019
Single-spin addressing in an atomic Mott insulator journal March 2011
Superdiffusion in One-Dimensional Quantum Lattice Models journal December 2018
Microscopic Origin of Ideal Conductivity in Integrable Quantum Models journal July 2017
Nonunitary Spin-Charge Separation in a One-Dimensional Fermion Gas journal April 2004
Quantum spin liquids: a review journal November 2016
Boson localization and the superfluid-insulator transition journal July 1989
Spin Transport in a One-Dimensional Anisotropic Heisenberg Model journal May 2011
Conductance of a Quantum Wire in the Wigner-Crystal Regime journal March 2004
Spin diffusion from an inhomogeneous quench in an integrable system journal July 2017
Site-Resolved Imaging of Fermionic Li 6 in an Optical Lattice journal May 2015
Generalized Hydrodynamics with Space-Time Inhomogeneous Interactions journal September 2019
Correlation effects in carbon nanotubes journal May 1997
Bethe-Boltzmann hydrodynamics and spin transport in the XXZ chain journal January 2018
Proposal for measuring the finite-temperature Drude weight of integrable systems journal February 2017
Hubbard-to-Heisenberg crossover (and efficient computation) of Drude weights at low temperatures journal March 2017
Analytic solution of the domain-wall nonequilibrium stationary state journal February 2018
Diffusive high-temperature transport in the one-dimensional Hubbard model journal September 2012
Spin-imbalance in a 2D Fermi-Hubbard system journal September 2017
Ultracold quantum gases in optical lattices journal October 2005
Transport and conservation laws journal May 1997
Introducing iFluid: a numerical framework for solving hydrodynamical equations in integrable models journal January 2020
Quantum Phase Transitions book January 2011
The cold atom Hubbard toolbox journal January 2005
Spin transport in a Mott insulator of ultracold fermions journal December 2018
Solutions of the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model: Benchmarks and Results from a Wide Range of Numerical Algorithms journal December 2015
Anomalous low-frequency conductivity in easy-plane XXZ spin chains journal June 2020
A TBA approach to thermal transport in the XXZ Heisenberg model journal October 2017
Coulomb drag between two spin-incoherent Luttinger liquids journal April 2006
Fermi-Hubbard Physics with Atoms in an Optical Lattice journal August 2010
Incomplete Thermalization from Trap-Induced Integrability Breaking: Lessons from Classical Hard Rods journal April 2018
The density-matrix renormalization group in the age of matrix product states journal January 2011
Universal spin dynamics in infinite-temperature one-dimensional quantum magnets journal March 2020
Numerical study of the hard-core Bose-Hubbard model on an infinite square lattice journal May 2009
Nonlinear Fluctuating Hydrodynamics for Anharmonic Chains journal February 2014
Soliton Gases and Generalized Hydrodynamics journal January 2018
On the dynamics of a continuum spin system journal January 1976
Spin-catalyzed hopping conductivity in disordered strongly interacting quantum wires journal January 2017
Current Operators in Bethe Ansatz and Generalized Hydrodynamics: An Exact Quantum-Classical Correspondence journal March 2020
Quantum Cell Model for Bosons journal January 1963
Transport in the sine-Gordon field theory: From generalized hydrodynamics to semiclassics journal July 2019
Kinetic Theory of Spin Diffusion and Superdiffusion in X X Z Spin Chains journal March 2019
Phases of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model journal December 1998
Transport properties of the one-dimensional Hubbard model at finite temperature journal October 2014
A note on generalized hydrodynamics: inhomogeneous fields and other concepts journal January 2017
Quantum-Gas Microscope for Fermionic Atoms journal May 2015
Conductivity Spectrum of Ultracold Atoms in an Optical Lattice journal April 2019
Dynamical mean-field theory of strongly correlated fermion systems and the limit of infinite dimensions journal January 1996
Time-resolved observation of spin-charge deconfinement in fermionic Hubbard chains journal January 2020
Thermal Conductivity of the One-Dimensional Fermi-Hubbard Model journal September 2016
Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms journal January 2002
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality from soft gauge modes journal January 2020
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Physics in the Quantum Heisenberg Magnet journal May 2019
Thermoelectric power in half-filled bands journal January 1975
Electron correlations in narrow energy bands journal November 1963
Single-atom imaging of fermions in a quantum-gas microscope journal July 2015
Diffusion in generalized hydrodynamics and quasiparticle scattering journal January 2019
Nonequilibrium thermal transport and vacuum expansion in the Hubbard model journal March 2017
Superdiffusion from Emergent Classical Solitons in Quantum Spin Chains journal August 2020
Finite-temperature charge transport in the one-dimensional Hubbard model journal November 2015
Multi-orbital and density-induced tunneling of bosons in optical lattices journal March 2012
Measurement of the Dynamical Structure Factor of a 1D Interacting Fermi Gas journal September 2018
Algebraic Construction of Current Operators in Integrable Spin Chains journal August 2020
Low-temperature transport in out-of-equilibrium XXZ chains journal March 2018
Quantum Physics in One Dimension book December 2003