Diffusion doping of cobalt in rod-shape anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals leads to antiferromagnetism

Mia, Shahzahan; Varapragasam, Shelton J. P.; Baride, Aravind; Balasanthiran, Choumini; Balasubramanian, Balamurugan; Rioux, Robert M.; Hoefelmeyer, James D.

doi:10.1039/D0NA00640H

Title: Diffusion doping of cobalt in rod-shape anatase TiO ₂ nanocrystals leads to antiferromagnetism

Journal Article · Tue Oct 13 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nanoscale Advances

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NA00640H· OSTI ID:1658981

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Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, USA
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA, Department of Chemistry

Cobalt(II) ions were adsorbed to the surface of rod-shape anatase TiO₂ nanocrystals and subsequently heated to promote ion diffusion into the nanocrystal. After removal of any remaining surface bound cobalt, a sample consisting of strictly cobalt-doped TiO₂ was obtained and characterized with powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The nanocrystal morphology was unchanged in the process and no new crystal phases were detected. The concentration of cobalt in the doped samples linearly correlates with the initial loading of cobalt(II) ions on the nanocrystal surface. Thin films of the cobalt doped TiO₂ nanocrystals were prepared on indium-tin oxide coated glass substrate, and the electrical conductivity increased with the concentration of doped cobalt. Magnetic measurements of the cobalt-doped TiO₂ nanocrystals reveal paramagnetic behavior at room temperature, and antiferromagnetic interactions between Co ions at low temperatures. Antiferromagnetism is atypical for cobalt-doped TiO₂ nanocrystals, and is proposed to arise from interstitial doping that may be favored by the diffusional doping mechanism.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD (United States); Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division; National Science Foundation (NSF); Nebraska Research Initiative (NRI)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016192; CHE-0840507; CHE-0722632; CHE-1460872; EPS-0903804; DGE-1633213; ECCS-2025298

OSTI ID:: 1658981

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1852121

Journal Information:: Nanoscale Advances, Journal Name: Nanoscale Advances Vol. 2 Journal Issue: 10; ISSN 2516-0230

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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