Vaccine Advances against Venezuelan, Eastern, and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses

Stromberg, Zachary R.; Fischer, Will; Bradfute, Steven B.; Kubicek-Sutherland, Jessica Z.; Hraber, Peter

doi:10.3390/vaccines8020273

Title: Vaccine Advances against Venezuelan, Eastern, and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses

Journal Article · Wed Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Vaccines

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020273· OSTI ID:1648092

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Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Global Health

Vaccinations are a crucial intervention in combating infectious diseases. The three neurotropic Alphaviruses, Eastern (EEEV), Venezuelan (VEEV), and Western (WEEV) equine encephalitis viruses, are pathogens of interest for animal health, public health, and biological defense. In both equines and humans, these viruses can cause febrile illness that may progress to encephalitis. Currently, there are no licensed treatments or vaccines available for these viruses in humans. Experimental vaccines have shown variable efficacy and may cause severe adverse effects. Here, we outline recent strategies used to generate vaccines against EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV with an emphasis on virus-vectored and plasmid DNA delivery. Despite candidate vaccines protecting against one of the three viruses, few studies have demonstrated an effective trivalent vaccine. We evaluated the potential of published vaccines to generate cross-reactive protective responses by comparing DNA vaccine sequences to a set of EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV genomes and determining the vaccine coverages of potential epitopes. Finally, we discuss future directions in the development of vaccines to combat EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1648092

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-20-20011

Journal Information:: Vaccines, Vol. 8, Issue 2; ISSN 2076-393X

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 11 works

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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antigens
DNA vaccine
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV)
vaccine
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