Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells

Selvaraj, Vellaisamy; Bodapati, Sravanthi; Murray, Elizabeth; Blough, Eric; Winston, Nicole; Rice, Kevin; Shokufar, Tolou; Zhao, Yu

doi:10.2147/ijn.s52625

Title: Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells

Journal Article · Sat Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2014 · International Journal of Nanomedicine

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s52625· OSTI ID:1627996

Selvaraj, Vellaisamy ^[1]; Bodapati, Sravanthi ^[1]; Murray, Elizabeth ^[1]; Blough, Eric ^[1]; Winston, Nicole ^[1]; Rice, Kevin ^[1]; Shokufar, Tolou ^[2]; Zhao, Yu ^[2]

Marshall University, Huntington, WV (United States)
Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI (United States)

The increased use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has caused new concerns about the potential exposure to biological systems and the potential risk that these materials may pose on human health. Here, we examined the effects of exposure to different concentrations (0–50 µg/mL) and incubation times (10 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours) of yttrium oxide (Y₂ O₃ ) NPs on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Changes in cellular morphology, cell viability, cell membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), and the DNA damage after NP exposure were compared to the effects seen following incubation with paraquat, a known toxicant. The 24-hour inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) of Y₂ O₃ NPs (41±5 nm in size) in the HEK293 cells was found to be 108 µg/mL. Incubation with Y₂ O₃ NPs (12.25–50 µg/mL) increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression and promoted apoptotic- and necrotic mediated cell death in both a concentration and a time-dependent manner. Decreases in cell survivability were associated with elevations in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and evidence of DNA damage, which were consistent with the possibility that mitochondria impairment may play an important role in the cytotoxic response. These data demonstrate that the Y₂ O₃ NP exposure is associated with increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HEK293 cells.

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Research Organization:: Marshall Univ., Huntington, WV (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: PS02-09ER-01

OSTI ID:: 1627996

Journal Information:: International Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol. 9; ISSN 1178-2013

Publisher:: Dove Medical PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
yttrium oxide nanoparticles
cytotoxicity
mitochondria damage
DNA damage
ROS production
apoptosis
necrosis

Title: Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells

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