Evolution of the sex-Related Locus and Genomic Features Shared in Microsporidia and Fungi

Lee, Soo Chan; Corradi, Nicolas; Doan, Sylvia; Dietrich, Fred S.; Keeling, Patrick J.; Heitman, Joseph

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010539

Title: **Evolution of the sex-Related Locus and Genomic Features Shared in Microsporidia and Fungi**

Journal Article · Fri May 07 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · PLoS ONE

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010539· OSTI ID:1627407

Lee, Soo Chan ^[1]; Corradi, Nicolas ^[2]; Doan, Sylvia ^[2]; Dietrich, Fred S. ^[1]; Keeling, Patrick J. ^[2]; Heitman, Joseph ^[1]

Duke University, Durham, NC (United States)
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular, eukaryotic pathogens that infect a wide range of animals from nematodes to humans, and in some cases, protists. The preponderance of evidence as to the origin of the microsporidia reveals a close relationship with the fungi, either within the kingdom or as a sister group to it. Recent phylogenetic studies and gene order analysis suggest that microsporidia share a particularly close evolutionary relationship with the zygomycetes. Here we expanded this analysis and also examined a putative sex-locus for variability between microsporidian populations. Whole genome inspection reveals a unique syntenic gene pair (RPS9-RPL21) present in the vast majority of fungi and the microsporidians but not in other eukaryotic lineages. Two other unique gene fusions (glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase and ubiquitin-ribosomal subunit S30) that are present in metazoans, choanoflagellates, and filasterean opisthokonts are unfused in the fungi and microsporidians. One locus previously found to be conserved in many microsporidian genomes is similar to the sex locus of zygomycetes in gene order and architecture. Both sex-related and sex loci harbor TPT, HMG, and RNA helicase genes forming a syntenic gene cluster. We sequenced and analyzed the sex-related locus in 11 different Encephalitozoon cuniculi isolates and the sibling species E. intestinalis (3 isolates) and E. hellem (1 isolate). There was no evidence for an idiomorphic sex-related locus in this Encephalitozoon species sample. According to sequence-based phylogenetic analyses, the TPT and RNA helicase genes flanking the HMG genes are paralogous rather than orthologous between zygomycetes and microsporidians. The unique genomic hallmarks between microsporidia and fungi are independent of sequence based phylogenetic comparisons and further contribute to define the borders of the fungal kingdom and support the classification of microsporidia as unusual derived fungi. And the sex/sex-related loci appear to have been subject to frequent gene conversion and translocations in microsporidia and zygomycetes.

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Research Organization:: Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Institutes of Health (NIH); Canadian Institute for Health Research; Molecular Mycology Pathogenesis Training Program; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AI50113; AI052080; PA00P3_124166

OSTI ID:: 1627407

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, Issue 5; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
genetic loci
fungal genomics
microsporidia
zygomycetes
fungal genetics
fungi
RNA helicases
genome analysis

Title: Evolution of the sex-Related Locus and Genomic Features Shared in Microsporidia and Fungi

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Title: **Evolution of the sex-Related Locus and Genomic Features Shared in Microsporidia and Fungi**