Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions

Dixon, Nathaniel A.; Durham, William B.

doi:10.1029/2018jb015853

Title: Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions

Journal Article · Tue Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb015853· OSTI ID:1609770

Dixon, Nathaniel A. ^[1];

^[2]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Apple Inc., Cupertino CA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Olivine is the most abundant and among the weakest phases in Earth's upper mantle, and thus, its rheological properties play a critical role in governing thermal structure and convective flow in the upper mantle. A persistent obstacle to constraining the in situ flow properties of olivine by laboratory experiment has been the difficulty in resolving the effect of pressure, which is weak within the 0- to ~2-GPa pressure range of conventional laboratory deformation instruments but potentially strong over the 1- to ~14-GPa range of the upper mantle. Using a deformation-DIA, one of a new generation of bonafide deformation devices designed for operation to ≥10 GPa, we have deformed dry, polycrystalline San Carlos olivine in high-temperature creep with the singular intent of providing the best achievable measurement of activation volume V* and a comprehensive statement of uncertainty. Under strictly dry conditions, at constant temperature (1,373 K) and strain rate (1 × 10^-5 s^-1), varying only pressure (1.8 to 8.8 GPa), we measure V* = 15 ± 5 cm³/mol. We have reproduced the well-known mechanism change from [100]-slip to [001]-slip near 5 GPa and determined that, whatever the change in V* associated with the change in slip system, the effective value of 15 ± 5 cm3/mol is still accurate for modeling purposes in the 2- to 9-GPa pressure range. This is a substantial pressure effect, which in the absence of a temperature gradient would represent a viscosity increase from the top to bottom of the upper mantle of 5 ± 2 orders of magnitude.

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Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER15839

OSTI ID:: 1609770

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1476971

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Vol. 123, Issue 10; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 13 works

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Title: Measurement of Activation Volume for Creep of Dry Olivine at Upper-Mantle Conditions

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