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Title: SN 2016coi (ASASSN-16fp): An Energetic H-stripped Core-collapse Supernova from a Massive Stellar Progenitor with Large Mass Loss

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
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  1. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
  2. Liverpool John Moores Univ. (United Kingdom)
  3. Coral Towers Observatory, Cairns, QLD (Australia)
  4. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
  5. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  6. Ohio Univ., Athens, OH (United States)
  7. Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
  8. Univ. of Ferrara (Italy)
  9. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  10. Univ. degli Studi di Bologna (Italy); INAF Ist. di Radioastronomia, Bologna (Italy)
  11. Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
  12. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  13. Univer. Diego Portales, Santiago (Chile); Millennium Inst. of Astrophysics, Santiago (Chile)
  14. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Padova (Italy). Osservatorio Astrofisico di Padova
  15. Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)
  16. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
  17. Aarhus Univ. (Denmark)
  18. Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain); Inst. d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona (Spain)
  19. Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
  20. Univ. of Turku (Finland)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Herein, we present comprehensive observations and analysis of the energetic H-stripped SN 2016coi (a.k.a. ASASSN-16fp), spanning the γ-ray through optical and radio wavelengths, acquired within the first hours to ~420 days post explosion. Our observational campaign confirms the identification of He in the supernova (SN) ejecta, which we interpret to be caused by a larger mixing of Ni into the outer ejecta layers. By modeling the broad bolometric light curve, we derive a large ejecta-mass-to-kinetic-energy ratio (M ej ~ 4–7 M ⊙, E k ~ (7–8) × 1051 erg). The small [Ca ii] λλ7291,7324 to [O i] λλ6300,6364 ratio (~0.2) observed in our late-time optical spectra is suggestive of a large progenitor core mass at the time of collapse. We find that SN 2016coi is a luminous source of X-rays (L X > 1039 erg s–1 in the first ~100 days post explosion) and radio emission (L 8.5 GHz ~ 7 × 1027 erg s–1 Hz–1 at peak). These values are in line with those of relativistic SNe (2009bb, 2012ap). However, for SN 2016coi, we infer substantial pre-explosion progenitor mass loss with a rate ~ (1–2) × and a sub-relativistic shock velocity v sh ~ 0.15c, which is in stark contrast with relativistic SNe and similar to normal SNe. Finally, we find no evidence for a SN-associated shock breakout γ-ray pulse with energy E γ > 2 × 1046 erg. While we cannot exclude the presence of a companion in a binary system, taken together, our findings are consistent with a massive single-star progenitor that experienced large mass loss in the years leading up to core collapse, but was unable to achieve complete stripping of its outer layers before explosion.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; GBMF5490; AST-1515927; AST-0908816
OSTI ID:
1601407
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-19-26835; TRN: US2103641
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 883, Issue 2; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 12 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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An extremely luminous X-ray outburst at the birth of a supernova text January 2008
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On the progenitor of the Type Ic SN 2013dk in the Antennae Galaxies text January 2013
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Optical Spectra of 73 Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae text January 2014
Simultaneous Acceleration of Protons and Electrons at Nonrelativistic Quasiparallel Collisionless Shocks text January 2014
The Bubble-like Interior of the Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A text January 2015
An Open Catalog for Supernova Data text January 2016
A Potential Progenitor for the Type Ic Supernova 2017ein text January 2018
The X-ray and radio emission from SN 2002ap: The importance of Compton scattering text January 2004
The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope text January 2005
Nebular Spectra of SN 1998bw Revisited: Detailed Study by One and Two Dimensional Models text January 2005
Circumstellar Emission from Type Ib and Ic Supernovae text January 2006
Jet-Induced Explosions of Core Collapse Supernovae text January 1999

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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
supernovae
SN 2016coi
ASASSN-16fp