Thermoanaerosceptrum fracticalcis gen. nov. sp. nov., a Novel Fumarate-Fermenting Microorganism From a Deep Fractured Carbonate Aquifer of the US Great Basin

Hamilton-Brehm, Scott D.; Stewart, Laura E.; Zavarin, Mavrik; Caldwell, Matt; Lawson, Paul A.; Onstott, Tullis C.; Grzymski, Joseph; Neveux, Iva; Lollar, Barbara Sherwood; Russell, Charles E.; Moser, Duane P.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02224

Title: Thermoanaerosceptrum fracticalcis gen. nov. sp. nov., a Novel Fumarate-Fermenting Microorganism From a Deep Fractured Carbonate Aquifer of the US Great Basin

Journal Article · Fri Sep 27 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Frontiers in Microbiology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02224· OSTI ID:1568019

Hamilton-Brehm, Scott D. ^[1]; Stewart, Laura E. ^[2]; Zavarin, Mavrik ^[3]; Caldwell, Matt ^[4]; Lawson, Paul A. ^[4]; Onstott, Tullis C. ^[5]; Grzymski, Joseph ^[6]; Neveux, Iva ^[6]; Lollar, Barbara Sherwood ^[7]; Russell, Charles E. ^[6]; Moser, Duane P. ^[6]

Desert Research Inst., Las Vegas, NV (United States); Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL (United States)
Madison Area Technical College, Madison, WI (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Desert Research Inst., Las Vegas, NV (United States)
Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada)

Deep fractured rock ecosystems across most of North America have not been studied extensively. However, the US Great Basin, in particular the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS, formerly the Nevada Test Site), has hosted a number of influential subsurface investigations over the years. This investigation focuses on resident microbiota recovered from a hydrogeologically confined aquifer in fractured Paleozoic carbonate rocks at 863 – 923 meters below land surface. Analysis of the microorganisms living in this oligotrophic environment provides a perspective into microbial metabolic strategies required to endure prolonged hydrogeological isolation deep underground. Here we present a microbiological and physicochemical characterization of a deep continental carbonate ecosystem and describe a bacterial genus isolated from the ecosystem. Strain DRI-13^T is a strictly anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, fumarate-respiring member of the phylum Firmicutes. This bacterium grows optimally at 55°C and pH 8.0, can tolerate a concentration of 100 mM NaCl, and appears to obligately metabolize fumarate to acetate and succinate. Culture-independent 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicates a global subsurface distribution, while the closest cultured relatives of DRI-13^T are Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum (90.0% similarity) and Desulfotomaculum gibsoniae (88.0% similarity). The predominant fatty acid profile is iso-C_15:0, C_15:0, C_16:0 and C_14:0. The percentage of the straight-chain fatty acid C_15:0 is a defining characteristic not present in the other closely related species. The genome is estimated to be 3,649,665 bp, composed of 87.3% coding regions with an overall average of 45.1% G + C content. Strain DRI-13^T represents a novel genus of subsurface bacterium isolated from a previously uncharacterized rock-hosted geothermal habitat. The characterization of the bacterium combined with the sequenced genome provides insights into metabolism strategies of the deep subsurface biosphere. Based on our characterization analysis we propose the name Thermoanaerosceptrum fracticalcis (DRI-13^T = DSM 100382^T = ATCC TSD-12^T).

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1568019

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-784018; 977592

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10, Issue na; ISSN 1664-302X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 4 works

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