skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A Review of the Role of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and Associated Climate Impacts

Journal Article · · Reviews of Geophysics (1985)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000644· OSTI ID:1560164
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [7]
  1. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Princeton NJ USA
  2. National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of MeteorologyUniversity of Reading Reading UK
  3. Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
  4. Physical Oceanography DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA
  5. School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography CentreUniversity of Southampton Southampton UK
  6. School of Oceanography and Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle WA USA
  7. Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. Lexington MA USA
+ Show Author Affiliations

By synthesizing recent studies employing a wide range of approaches (modern observations, paleo reconstructions, and climate model simulations), this paper provides a comprehensive review of the linkage between multidecadal Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and associated climate impacts. There is strong observational and modeling evidence that multidecadal AMOC variability is a crucial driver of the observed AMV and associated climate impacts and an important source of enhanced decadal predictability and prediction skill. The AMOC-AMV linkage is consistent with observed key elements of AMV. Furthermore, this synthesis also points to a leading role of the AMOC in a range of AMV-related climate phenomena having enormous societal and economic implications, for example, Intertropical Convergence Zone shifts; Sahel and Indian monsoons; Atlantic hurricanes; El Niño–Southern Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Variability; North Atlantic Oscillation; climate over Europe, North America, and Asia; Arctic sea ice and surface air temperature; and hemispheric-scale surface temperature. Paleoclimate evidence indicates that a similar linkage between multidecadal AMOC variability and AMV and many associated climate impacts may also have existed in the preindustrial era, that AMV has enhanced multidecadal power significantly above a red noise background, and that AMV is not primarily driven by external forcing. The role of the AMOC in AMV and associated climate impacts has been underestimated in most state-of-the-art climate models, posing significant challenges but also great opportunities for substantial future improvements in understanding and predicting AMV and associated climate impacts.

Research Organization:
Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0019492
OSTI ID:
1560164
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1560171; OSTI ID: 1613250
Journal Information:
Reviews of Geophysics (1985), Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics (1985) Vol. 57 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 8755-1209
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 256 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (291)

Climate impacts of parameterized Nordic Sea overflows journal January 2010
Measurements of meridional heat transport by ocean currents journal August 1962
On the Relative Roles of the Atmosphere and Ocean in the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability journal September 2018
Barents Sea multidecadal variability journal January 2009
Potential decadal predictability and its sensitivity to sea ice albedo parameterization in a global coupled model journal June 2011
Open-ocean convection: Observations, theory, and models journal February 1999
The impact of the AMO on multidecadal ENSO variability: AMO IMPACTS ON ENSO journal April 2017
Predicting a Decadal Shift in North Atlantic Climate Variability Using the GFDL Forecast System journal August 2014
Evidence for external forcing of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since termination of the Little Ice Age journal February 2014
Enhancement of ENSO Variability by a Weakened Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation in a Coupled GCM journal October 2007
Multidecadal Variability in North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity journal August 2008
Sahel rainfall in multimodel CMIP5 decadal hindcasts journal March 2014
A predictability study of simulated North Atlantic multidecadal variability journal August 1997
A low latitude paleoclimate perspective on Atlantic multidecadal variability journal May 2014
Decadal predictions of the cooling and freshening of the North Atlantic in the 1960s and the role of ocean circulation journal March 2014
Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes: NORTH ATLANTIC HOLOCENE DRIFT ICE INPUT journal June 2006
New observational evidence for a positive cloud feedback that amplifies the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: Positive Cloud Feedback Amplifies AMO journal September 2016
Initialized decadal predictions of the rapid warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the mid 1990s: PREDICTIONS OF 1990s ATLANTIC WARMING journal October 2012
Climate based multi-year predictions of the Barents Sea cod stock journal October 2018
Forecast cooling of the Atlantic subpolar gyre and associated impacts journal July 2014
Representations of the Nordic Seas overflows and their large scale climate impact in coupled models journal February 2015
Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the Asian summer monsoon journal January 2006
Reconstruction of the North Atlantic Oscillation, 1429-1983 journal January 2001
Large bio-geographical shifts in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean: From the subpolar gyre, via plankton, to blue whiting and pilot whales journal March 2009
A model-tested North Atlantic Oscillation reconstruction for the past millennium journal July 2015
Arctic air temperature change amplification and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation journal January 2009
Atlantic hurricane trends linked to climate change journal January 2006
Temporal Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26.5 N journal August 2007
A Multivariate AMV Index and Associated Discrepancies Between Observed and CMIP5 Externally Forced AMV journal April 2019
The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification journal April 2010
Simulated Tropical Response to a Substantial Weakening of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation journal June 2005
Evidence for multiple drivers of North Atlantic multi-decadal climate variability: MULTIPLE DRIVERS OF ATLANTIC VARIABILITY journal October 2012
Atlantic hurricanes and natural variability in 2005 journal January 2006
The Influence of a Weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on ENSO journal October 2007
North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: Mean states journal January 2014
Impact of abrupt deglacial climate change on tropical Atlantic subsurface temperatures journal August 2012
The role of Atlantic-Arctic exchange in North Atlantic multidecadal climate variability: MULTIDECADAL ATLANTIC-ARCTIC EXCHANGE journal August 2011
The Response of the ITCZ to Extratropical Thermal Forcing: Idealized Slab-Ocean Experiments with a GCM journal July 2008
A Hemispheric Mechanism for the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation journal June 2007
The role of the thermohaline circulation in abrupt climate change journal February 2002
Northern North Atlantic sea surface height and ocean heat content variability: North Atlantic SSH and OHC Variability journal July 2013
Anticorrelated multidecadal variations between surface and subsurface tropical North Atlantic journal January 2007
Global Climatic Impacts of a Collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation journal January 2002
Ice Age Terminations journal October 2009
Tracking the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation through the last 8,000 years journal February 2011
North Pacific Climate Response to Freshwater Forcing in the Subarctic North Atlantic: Oceanic and Atmospheric Pathways journal March 2009
Multidecadal North Atlantic sea surface temperature and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability in CMIP5 historical simulations: Amo and Amoc Simulations in CMIP5 journal October 2013
Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in a model with an improved North Atlantic Current: AMV IN MODEL WITH IMPROVED NAC journal August 2016
Response of the ITCZ to Northern Hemisphere cooling: ITCZ RESPONSE TO N. HEMISPHERE COOLING journal January 2006
Variations in North American Summer Precipitation Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation journal November 2011
On the interbasin-scale thermohaline circulation journal January 1995
Local and remote wind stress forcing of the seasonal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) transport at 26.5°N journal April 2015
Trends and Variability in Sea Ice and Icebergs off the Canadian East Coast journal June 2015
Atlantic Warm Pool acting as a link between Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Atlantic tropical cyclone activity: ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY journal May 2008
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: Its manifestations and impacts with special emphasis on the Atlantic region north of 60°N journal May 2014
Mechanisms underlying recent decadal changes in subpolar North Atlantic Ocean heat content: SUBPOLAR DECADAL TREND REVERSAL journal September 2017
Greenland warming of 1920–1930 and 1995–2005 journal January 2006
An abrupt drop in Northern Hemisphere sea surface temperature around 1970 journal September 2010
Tropical sea surface temperature, vertical wind shear, and hurricane development journal January 2007
Pacific and Atlantic Ocean influences on multidecadal drought frequency in the United States journal March 2004
Skilful prediction of Sahel summer rainfall on inter-annual and multi-year timescales journal May 2017
Paleoclimate proxy perspective on Caribbean climate since the year 1751: Evidence of cooler temperatures and multidecadal variability: CARIBBEAN CLIMATE OF THE LAST 250 YEARS journal September 2008
Surface-temperature trends and variability in the low-latitude North Atlantic since 1552 journal June 2009
The necessity of cloud feedback for a basin-scale Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: CLOUD FEEDBACK CAUSES BASIN-SCALE AMO journal April 2016
Acceleration of Jakobshavn Isbræ triggered by warm subsurface ocean waters journal September 2008
On the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: Might they be related?: PDO AND AMO RELATED? journal December 2007
Atlantic and Pacific multidecadal oscillations and Northern Hemisphere temperatures journal February 2015
Exploring the impact of CMIP5 model biases on the simulation of North Atlantic decadal variability: CMIP5 BIASES AFFECT VARIABILITY journal July 2015
Competition between global warming and an abrupt collapse of the AMOC in Earth’s energy imbalance journal October 2015
Annually resolved North Atlantic marine climate over the last millennium journal December 2016
Multidecadal modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variance by Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures journal January 2006
Ocean forcing of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Calving fronts and patterns of retreat identified by automatic satellite monitoring of eastern outlet glaciers journal January 2011
Topographic Coupling of the Atlantic Overturning and Gyre Circulations journal May 2015
Air temperature variations on the Atlantic-Arctic boundary since 1802: ARCTIC TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS SINCE 1802 journal September 2010
Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century journal January 2003
Multidecadal and multicentennial variability of the meridional overturning circulation journal January 2008
Wind-Driven Currents in a Baroclinic Ocean; with Application to the Equatorial Currents of the Eastern Pacific journal November 1947
On the evolution of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Fingerprint and implications for decadal predictability in the North Atlantic: ON THE EVOLUTION OF AMOC FINGERPRINT journal July 2015
Observing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation yields a decade of inevitable surprises journal June 2015
The Recent Increase in Atlantic Hurricane Activity: Causes and Implications journal July 2001
Hydrography of the central Atlantic—I. The two-degree discontinuity journal December 1976
Positive low cloud and dust feedbacks amplify tropical North Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation journal February 2016
Wally Was Right: Predictive Ability of the North Atlantic “Conveyor Belt” Hypothesis for Abrupt Climate Change journal May 2007
Deep convection in the World Ocean journal January 1983
Coherent surface-subsurface fingerprint of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation journal January 2008
Understanding the Persistence of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in Midlatitudes journal January 2003
Bjerknes Compensation at High Northern Latitudes: The Ocean Forcing the Atmosphere journal December 2007
Imprint of the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation and Pacific decadal oscillation on southwestern US climate: past, present, and future journal September 2013
Observed and simulated multidecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere journal September 2000
A Decadal Prediction Case Study: Late Twentieth-Century North Atlantic Ocean Heat Content journal August 2012
A new method for attributing climate variations over the Atlantic Hurricane Basin's main development region journal January 2009
Anthropogenic aerosol forcing of Atlantic tropical storms journal June 2013
A North Atlantic Climate Pacemaker for the Centuries journal June 2000
A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 A.D.: RECONSTRUCTED ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION journal June 2004
Impact of Great Salinity Anomalies on the Low-Frequency Variability of the North Atlantic Climate journal February 2006
Inhomogeneous influence of the Atlantic warm pool on United States precipitation: Inhomogeneous influence of AWP on US precipitation journal August 2014
Fast teleconnections to the tropical Atlantic sector from Atlantic thermohaline adjustment: ATL TELECONNECTIONS FROM AMOC ADJUSTMENT journal April 2008
A New Rossby Wave–Breaking Interpretation of the North Atlantic Oscillation journal February 2008
North Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow speed changes during the last 230 years: N. ATLANTIC CLIMATE AND DEEP OCEAN FLOW journal July 2007
Linkages between atmospheric blocking, sea ice export through Fram Strait and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation journal September 2016
Contribution of ocean overturning circulation to tropical rainfall peak in the Northern Hemisphere journal October 2013
The impact of the AMO on the West African monsoon annual cycle: Impact of AMO on West African Monsoon journal February 2013
100-year mass changes in the Swiss Alps linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: THE 100-YEAR MASS CHANGE OF ALPINE GLACIERS journal May 2010
Have Aerosols Caused the Observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability? journal April 2013
Bidecadal North Atlantic ocean circulation variability controlled by timing of volcanic eruptions journal March 2015
Multidecadal fluctuations of the North Atlantic Ocean and feedback on the winter climate in CMIP5 control simulations: AMV FEEDBACK ON ATMOSPHERE IN CMIP5 journal March 2016
Mechanisms of southern Caribbean SST variability over the last two millennia: ATLANTIC SSTs OVER THE LAST 2000 YEARS journal November 2013
On Multidecadal Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the Community Climate System Model Version 3 journal November 2008
Response of the atmosphere–ocean mixed-layer system to anomalous ocean heat-flux convergence journal April 2002
Underestimated AMOC Variability and Implications for AMV and Predictability in CMIP Models journal May 2018
Atlantic-induced pan-tropical climate change over the past three decades journal November 2015
North Atlantic warming and the retreat of Greenland's outlet glaciers journal December 2013
Dominant Role of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in the Recent Decadal Changes in Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity journal January 2018
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation as a dominant factor of oceanic influence on climate: CHYLEX ET. AL.; ATLANTIC MULTI-DECADAL OSCILLATION journal March 2014
A reversal of climatic trends in the North Atlantic since 2005 journal June 2016
Mechanism of Interdecadal Thermohaline Circulation Variability in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere GCM journal April 2005
The signature of low‐frequency oceanic forcing in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation journal March 2016
Internal and external forcing of multidecadal Atlantic climate variability over the past 1,200 years journal May 2017
Deconstructing the Conveyor Belt journal June 2010
How does a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation lead to an intensification of the ENSO-south Asian summer monsoon interaction? journal January 2008
Is the Thermohaline Circulation Changing? journal September 2006
An Observational Estimate of Inferred Ocean Energy Divergence journal May 2008
How the North Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation may have influenced the Indian summer monsoon during the past two millennia journal January 2008
Reconstructing Past Seasonal to Multicentennial-Scale Variability in the NE Atlantic Ocean Using the Long-Lived Marine Bivalve Mollusk Glycymeris glycymeris : Paleoapplication of Glycymeris Isotopes journal November 2017
Deep convection seesaw controlled by freshwater transport through the Denmark Strait journal January 2006
HISTALP—historical instrumental climatological surface time series of the Greater Alpine Region journal January 2006
The North Atlantic Oscillation as a driver of rapid climate change in the Northern Hemisphere journal June 2016
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation without a role for ocean circulation journal October 2015
Processes and mechanisms for the model SST biases in the North Atlantic and North Pacific: A link with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: PROCESSES AND MECHANISMS FOR THE MODEL SST BIASES journal May 2015
Potential predictability of rapid changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation journal January 2008
Predictability of the Atlantic Overturning Circulation and Associated Surface Patterns in Two CCSM3 Climate Change Ensemble Experiments journal December 2011
Twentieth century correlations between extratropical SST variability and ITCZ shifts: AMO, PDO, and ITCZ Variability journal September 2017
Strong Association Between West African Rainfall and U.S. Landfall of Intense Hurricanes journal September 1990
Modelling interdecadal climate variability and the role of the ocean: Modelling interdecadal climate variability and the role of the ocean journal November 2016
Estimating the Decadal Predictability of a Coupled AOGCM journal November 2004
Early 20th-century Arctic warming intensified by Pacific and Atlantic multidecadal variability journal May 2017
The role of the Barents sea in the Arctic Climate System: the role of the Barents sea journal September 2013
Interannual to Decadal Climate Predictability in the North Atlantic: A Multimodel-Ensemble Study journal April 2006
A physical mechanism for North Atlantic SST influence on the Indian summer monsoon journal January 2006
The North Atlantic Ocean Is in a State of Reduced Overturning journal February 2018
Multidecadal variability of the North Brazil Current and its connection to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation journal January 2011
On the Path of the Gulf Stream and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation journal June 2010
Predicting Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations using subsurface and surface fingerprints journal September 2011
A perspective on decadal climate variability and predictability journal September 2011
Evidence of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in the magnetic properties of Alpine lakes during the last 2500 years journal December 2015
Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea temperatures, 1901–85 journal April 1986
Investigating the Causes of the Response of the Thermohaline Circulation to Past and Future Climate Changes journal April 2006
Two contrasting views of multidecadal climate variability in the twentieth century: Two views of climate variability journal October 2014
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere’s climate variability journal April 2011
Global linkages originating from decadal oceanic variability in the subpolar North Atlantic: ATLANTIC-PACIFIC CONNECTIVITY journal October 2016
A possible mechanism for the strong weakening of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in the mid-1990s: MECHANISM WEAKENING NASPG MID-1990S journal August 2009
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Modulates the Impacts of Arctic Sea Ice Decline journal March 2018
Sea-ice interaction with the thermohaline circulation journal February 1993
Predictability of North Atlantic Multidecadal Climate Variability journal January 1997
Interannual to multidecadal Euro-Atlantic blocking variability during winter and its relationship with extreme low temperatures in Europe journal December 2014
Forced and Internal Twentieth-Century SST Trends in the North Atlantic journal March 2009
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S. journal May 2001
Varying planetary heat sink led to global-warming slowdown and acceleration journal August 2014
Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data journal November 2000
Interocean exchange of thermocline water journal January 1986
Recent Walker circulation strengthening and Pacific cooling amplified by Atlantic warming journal August 2014
Assessing the predictability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and associated fingerprints: ASSESSING THE PREDICTABILITY OF THE AMOC journal October 2010
An Anatomy of the Cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean in the 1960s and 1970s journal October 2014
On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation journal January 2007
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Inferred from the Forced Climate Response in Coupled General Circulation Models journal April 2009
El Niño and related monsoon drought signals in 523-year-long ring width records of teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) trees from south India journal January 2010
A decadal climate variation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean from thermodynamic air-sea interactions journal February 1997
A signal of persistent Atlantic multidecadal variability in Arctic sea ice: MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY IN SEA ICE journal January 2014
The global heat balance: heat transports in the atmosphere and ocean journal August 1994
Atlantic Ocean influence on a shift in European climate in the 1990s journal October 2012
Climate Response to Basin-Scale Warming and Cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean journal March 2007
Bjerknes Compensation and the Decadal Variability of the Energy Transports in a Coupled Climate Model journal April 2006
Ice-core data evidence for a prominent near 20 year time-scale of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: AMO AND ICE CORE DATA journal July 2011
North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part II: Inter-annual to decadal variability journal January 2016
Robust features of Atlantic multi-decadal variability and its climate impacts: ROBUST AMV PATTERNS journal September 2011
Low-Latitude Freshwater Influence on Centennial Variability of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation journal December 2004
Pronounced differences between observed and CMIP5-simulated multidecadal climate variability in the twentieth century: Observed Versus Simulated Climate Variation journal June 2017
Global-mean surface temperature variability: space–time perspective from rotated EOFs journal October 2017
A century of variation in the dependence of Greenland iceberg calving on ice sheet surface mass balance and regional climate change journal June 2014
Multidecadal climate variability in the Greenland Sea and surrounding regions: A coupled model simulation journal February 1997
Causes of the Rapid Warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Mid-1990s journal June 2012
Quantifying the Influence of Atlantic Heat on Barents Sea Ice Variability and Retreat* journal July 2012
The role of historical forcings in simulating the observed Atlantic multidecadal oscillation journal March 2017
Global Teleconnections in Response to a Shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation journal June 2008
Stochastic climate models, Part II Application to sea-surface temperature anomalies and thermocline variability journal August 1977
Deducing Multidecadal Anthropogenic Global Warming Trends Using Multiple Regression Analysis journal January 2013
Atmospheric Blocking and Atlantic Multidecadal Ocean Variability journal November 2011
The absence of an Atlantic imprint on the multidecadal variability of wintertime European temperature journal March 2016
Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability journal April 2012
A decadally delayed response of the tropical Pacific to Atlantic multidecadal variability journal January 2016
Key Role of Internal Ocean Dynamics in Atlantic Multidecadal Variability During the Last Half Century journal December 2018
Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years journal September 2002
The Impact of North Atlantic–Arctic Multidecadal Variability on Northern Hemisphere Surface Air Temperature journal November 2010
Sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean journal April 1978
Atlantic Ocean Forcing of North American and European Summer Climate journal July 2005
Hurricanes and global warming journal December 2005
The relationship between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and Atlantic multidecadal variability over the last 500 years journal December 2016
Modes of the wintertime Arctic temperature variability: MODES OF ARCTIC TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY journal August 2003
ENSO and Pacific Decadal Variability in the Community Climate System Model Version 4 journal April 2012
A U.S. CLIVAR Project to Assess and Compare the Responses of Global Climate Models to Drought-Related SST Forcing Patterns: Overview and Results journal October 2009
Active Atlantic hurricane era at its end? journal September 2015
The connection between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Indian Summer Monsoon in Bergen Climate Model Version 2.0 journal January 2011
Coupling between Greenland blocking and the North Atlantic Oscillation pattern: COUPLING BETWEEN GB AND NAO PATTERN journal July 2012
World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010: WORLD OCEAN HEAT CONTENT journal May 2012
Sea surface temperature anomalies, planetary waves, and air-sea feedback in the middle latitudes journal January 1985
An oscillation in the global climate system of period 65–70 years journal February 1994
Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012 journal January 2014
Does the ocean–atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? journal May 1985
Response to Comment on "The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation without a role for ocean circulation" journal June 2016
Multi-year predictability of the tropical Atlantic atmosphere driven by the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean: TROPICAL ATLANTIC DECADAL PREDICTABILITY journal July 2011
The Role of Bottom Vortex Stretching on the Path of the North Atlantic Western Boundary Current and on the Northern Recirculation Gyre journal August 2007
On the persistence and coherence of subpolar sea surface temperature and salinity anomalies associated with the Atlantic multidecadal variability: Persistence and Coherence of SST and SSS journal August 2017
Adjustment of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system to a sudden change in the Thermohaline Circulation: COUPLED ADJUSTMENT TO CHANGE IN THE THC journal August 2002
Twentieth century bipolar seesaw of the Arctic and Antarctic surface air temperatures: BIPOLAR SEESAW OF POLAR TEMPERATURES journal April 2010
Winter 2010 in Europe: A cold extreme in a warming climate: COLD WINTER 2010 IN EUROPE journal October 2010
Consistent simulations of multiple proxy responses to an abrupt climate change event journal January 2006
Persistent Positive North Atlantic Oscillation Mode Dominated the Medieval Climate Anomaly journal April 2009
Inferring the variation of climatic and glaciological contributions to West Greenland iceberg discharge in the twentieth century journal January 2016
Atlantic Forcing of Persistent Drought in West Africa journal April 2009
Observed Flow Compensation Associated with the MOC at 26.5 N in the Atlantic journal August 2007
Contingent Pacific-Atlantic Ocean influence on multicentury wildfire synchrony over western North America journal December 2006
Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Ocean Circulation to an abrupt change in the Nordic Sea overflow in a high resolution global coupled climate model journal January 2011
NAO and its relationship with the Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature in CMIP5 simulations: NAO and NHT in CMIP5 Simulations journal April 2017
Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation journal May 2009
Mechanisms for low-frequency variability of summer Arctic sea ice extent journal March 2015
Comment on "The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation without a role for ocean circulation" journal June 2016
A Significant Component of Unforced Multidecadal Variability in the Recent Acceleration of Global Warming journal February 2011
Multidecadal Climate Variability in Observed and Modeled Surface Temperatures journal March 2008
Latitudinal dependence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations: LATITUDINAL DEPENDENCE OF AMOC VARIATION journal August 2010
Multidecadal changes in Iceland Scotland Overflow Water vigor over the last 600 years and its relationship to climate: 600 YEARS OF ISOW VIGOR VARIABILITY journal March 2016
Teleconnection Between Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and European Temperature: Diversity and Evaluation of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Models journal November 2017
Impact of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) on Arctic Surface Air Temperature and Sea Ice Variability journal December 2011
On the discrepancy between observed and CMIP5 multi-model simulated Barents Sea winter sea ice decline journal April 2017
Tropical North Atlantic subsurface warming events as a fingerprint for AMOC variability during Marine Isotope Stage 3 journal November 2015
Modelling the influence of North Atlantic multidecadal warmth on the Indian summer rainfall journal January 2008
Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Air Temperature Variability: 1840–2007 journal July 2009
Atlantic overturning in decline? journal December 2013
Corals record persistent multidecadal SST variability in the Atlantic Warm Pool since 1775 AD: TROPICAL ATLANTIC SST SINCE 1775 AD journal September 2012
North Atlantic Multidecadal Climate Variability: An Investigation of Dominant Time Scales and Processes journal July 2010
Influences of the Atlantic Warm Pool on Western Hemisphere Summer Rainfall and Atlantic Hurricanes journal June 2006
Rapid circulation of warm subtropical waters in a major glacial fjord in East Greenland journal February 2010
Predicted slowdown in the rate of Atlantic sea ice loss: PREDICTED RATE OF SEA ICE LOSS journal December 2015
Can the Atlantic Ocean drive the observed multidecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere mean temperature? journal January 2007
Stochastic climate models Part I. Theory journal December 1976
A review of North Atlantic modes of natural variability and their driving mechanisms journal January 2009
Impact of Atlantic multidecadal oscillations on India/Sahel rainfall and Atlantic hurricanes journal January 2006
Ocean impact on decadal Atlantic climate variability revealed by sea-level observations journal May 2015
Improvements of simulated Western North Atlantic current system and impacts on the AMOC journal April 2014
Climate Response to Anomalously Large and Small Atlantic Warm Pools during the Summer journal June 2008
Imprint of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on Tree-Ring Widths in Northeastern Asia since 1568 journal July 2011
Contrasting spatial structures of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation between observations and slab ocean model simulations journal April 2018
Marine-based multiproxy reconstruction of Atlantic multidecadal variability: SVENDSEN ET AL. journal February 2014
Amplification of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation associated with the onset of the industrial-era warming journal January 2017
Relationship between the Pacific and Atlantic stepwise climate change during the 1990s: PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC CLIMATE CHANGE journal November 2012
Observed interannual variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N: INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE MOC journal October 2012
A coupled ocean-atmosphere model of relevance to the ITCZ in the eastern Pacific journal January 1994
On the reconstruction of ocean circulation and climate based on the “Gardar Drift”: RECONSTRUCTING OCEAN CIRCULATION journal March 2016
Meridional coherence of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: MERIDIONAL COHERENCE OF ATLANTIC MOC journal December 2007
Impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on North Pacific climate variability: IMPACT ON NORTH PACIFIC VARIABILITY journal December 2007
Synchronous retreat and acceleration of southeast Greenland outlet glaciers 2000–06: ice dynamics and coupling to climate journal January 2008
Climate impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation journal January 2006
A new record of Atlantic sea surface salinity from 1896 to 2013 reveals the signatures of climate variability and long-term trends: New Atlantic Sea Surface Salinity Record journal January 2017
Opposing decadal changes for the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation journal September 2010
Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly journal November 2009
Estimation of the SST Response to Anthropogenic and External Forcing and Its Impact on the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation journal December 2017
Variation of the North American Summer Monsoon Regimes and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation journal June 2008
Key role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in 20th century drought and wet periods over the Great Plains: AMO'S ROLE IN GREAT PLAINS DROUGHTS journal August 2011
Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes journal April 2004
Impact of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on the decadal variability of the Gulf Stream path and regional chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations: IMPACT OF AMOC ON GS AND CHL/NUTRIENTS journal November 2015
Sources of multi-decadal variability in Arctic sea ice extent journal July 2012
The last millennium climate reanalysis project: Framework and first results journal June 2016
North Atlantic Multidecadal SST Oscillation: External forcing versus internal variability journal May 2014
Impact of Labrador Sea Convection on the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation journal September 2007
External forcing as a metronome for Atlantic multidecadal variability journal September 2010
Using data to attribute episodes of warming and cooling in instrumental records journal January 2013
A tree-ring reconstruction of the South Asian summer monsoon index over the past millennium journal October 2014
A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic journal January 2019
A Regime View of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Its Response to Anthropogenic Forcing journal March 2010
Arctic–North Atlantic Interactions and Multidecadal Variability of the Meridional Overturning Circulation journal October 2005
The Origins of Late-Twentieth-Century Variations in the Large-Scale North Atlantic Circulation journal April 2014
Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation journal August 1995
A global perspective on CMIP5 climate model biases journal February 2014
Multidecadal variability and climate shift in the North Atlantic Ocean: Decadal Variability of North Atlantic journal May 2017
North Atlantic climate model bias influence on multiyear predictability journal January 2018
Observations, inferences, and mechanisms of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A review journal January 2016
North Atlantic Ocean control on surface heat flux on multidecadal timescales journal July 2013
A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate journal January 2005
Seasonal response of Asian monsoonal climate to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation journal January 2009
Silver hake tracks changes in Northwest Atlantic circulation journal August 2011
Western tropical Pacific multidecadal variability forced by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation journal July 2017
On the lack of stratospheric dynamical variability in low-top versions of the CMIP5 models: STRATOSPHERE IN CMIP5 MODELS journal March 2013

Similar Records

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Geochemistry & Geophysics