Convective carbon dioxide dissolution in a closed porous medium at low pressure

Wen, Baole; Akhbari, Daria; Zhang, Li; Hesse, Marc A.

doi:10.1017/jfm.2018.622

Title: Convective carbon dioxide dissolution in a closed porous medium at low pressure

Journal Article · Fri Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Fluid Mechanics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.622· OSTI ID:1538917

; Akhbari, Daria;

; Hesse, Marc A.

Motivated by the persistence of natural carbon dioxide ($$\text{CO}_{2}$$) fields, we investigate the convective dissolution of$$\text{CO}_{2}$$at low pressure (below 1 MPa) in a closed system, where the pressure in the gas declines as convection proceeds. This introduces a negative feedback that reduces the convective dissolution rate even before the brine becomes saturated. We analyse the case of an ideal gas with a solubility given by Henry’s law, in the limits of very low and very high Rayleigh numbers. The equilibrium state in this system is determined by the dimensionless dissolution capacity,$$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}$$, which gives the fraction of the gas that can be dissolved into the underlying brine. Analytic approximations of the pure diffusion problem with$$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}>0$$show that the diffusive base state is no longer self-similar and that diffusive mass transfer declines rapidly with time. Direct numerical simulations at high Rayleigh numbers show that no constant flux regime exists for$$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F1}>0$$; nevertheless, the quantity$$F/C_{s}^{2}$$remains constant, where$$F$$is the dissolution flux and$$C_{s}$$is the dissolved concentration at the top of the domain. Simple mathematical models are developed to predict the evolution of$$C_{s}$$and$$F$$for high-Rayleigh-number convection in a closed system. The negative feedback that limits convection in closed systems may explain the persistence of natural$$\text{CO}_{2}$accumulations over millennial time scales.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Frontiers of Subsurface Energy Security (CFSES); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0001114

OSTI ID:: 1538917

Journal Information:: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 854; ISSN 0022-1120

Publisher:: Cambridge University Press

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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