Dryland climate change: Recent progress and challenges: Dryland Climate Change

Huang, J.; Li, Y.; Fu, C.; Chen, F.; Fu, Q.; Dai, A.; Shinoda, M.; Ma, Z.; Guo, W.; Li, Z.; Zhang, L.; Liu, Y.; Yu, H.; He, Y.; Xie, Y.; Guan, X.; Ji, M.; Lin, L.; Wang, S.; Yan, H.; Wang, G.

doi:10.1002/2016rg000550

Title: Dryland climate change: Recent progress and challenges: Dryland Climate Change

Journal Article · Wed Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Reviews of Geophysics (1985)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016rg000550· OSTI ID:1532993

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Lanzhou Univ. (China)
Lanzhou Univ. (China); Shenyang Agricultural Univ. (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China); Nanjing Univ. (China)
Lanzhou Univ. (China); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Univ. at Albany, NY (United States)
Nagoya Univ. (Japan)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
Nanjing Univ. of Technology (China). State Key Lab. of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Beijing Normal Univ. (China)
Sun Yan-sen Univ., Guangzhou (China)
Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province and Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Lanzhou (China)

Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent progress in dryland climate change research. Recent findings indicate that the long-term trend of the aridity index (AI) is mainly attributable to increased greenhouse gas emissions, while anthropogenic aerosols exert small effects but alter its attributions. Atmosphere-land interactions determine the intensity of regional response. The largest warming during the last 100 years was observed over drylands and accounted for more than half of the continental warming. The global pattern and interdecadal variability of aridity changes are modulated by oceanic oscillations. The different phases of those oceanic oscillations induce significant changes in land-sea and north-south thermal contrasts, which affect the intensity of the westerlies and planetary waves and the blocking frequency, thereby altering global changes in temperature and precipitation. During 1948–2008, the drylands in the Americas became wetter due to enhanced westerlies, whereas the drylands in the Eastern Hemisphere became drier because of the weakened East Asian summer monsoon. Drylands as defined by the AI have expanded over the last 60 years and are projected to expand in the 21st century. The largest expansion of drylands has occurred in semiarid regions since the early 1960s. Dryland expansion will lead to reduced carbon sequestration and enhanced regional warming. The increasing aridity, enhanced warming, and rapidly growing population will exacerbate the risk of land degradation and desertification in the near future in developing countries.

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Research Organization:: State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012602

OSTI ID:: 1532993

Journal Information:: Reviews of Geophysics (1985), Vol. 55, Issue 3; ISSN 8755-1209

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 409 works

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