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Title: Inositol phosphates are assembly co-factors for HIV-1

Journal Article · · Nature (London)
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [5];  [2];  [1]
  1. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
  2. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Delaware, Newport, DE (United States)
  4. EMBL, Heidelberg (Germany); Inst. of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg (Austria)
  5. Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)

A short, 14-amino-acid segment called SP1, located in the Gag structural protein, has a critical role during the formation of the HIV-1 virus particle. During virus assembly, the SP1 peptide and seven preceding residues fold into a six-helix bundle, which holds together the Gag hexamer and facilitates the formation of a curved immature hexagonal lattice underneath the viral membrane. Upon completion of assembly and budding, proteolytic cleavage of Gag leads to virus maturation, in which the immature lattice is broken down; the liberated CA domain of Gag then re-assembles into the mature conical capsid that encloses the viral genome and associated enzymes. Folding and proteolysis of the six-helix bundle are crucial rate-limiting steps of both Gag assembly and disassembly, and the six-helix bundle is an established target of HIV-1 inhibitors. Here, using a combination of structural and functional analyses, we show that inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6, also known as IP6) facilitates the formation of the six-helix bundle and assembly of the immature HIV-1 Gag lattice. IP6 makes ionic contacts with two rings of lysine residues at the centre of the Gag hexamer. Proteolytic cleavage then unmasks an alternative binding site, where IP6 interaction promotes the assembly of the mature capsid lattice. Furthermore, these studies identify IP6 as a naturally occurring small molecule that promotes both assembly and maturation of HIV-1.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Inst. of Health; German Research Foundation (DFG); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
R01-GM116961; OCI-1053575; ACI-1445606; R01-GM107013; R01-GM105684; P30-GM110758; P50-GM082251; R01-AI129678; U54-GM103297; R01-GM110776; BR 3635/2-1
OSTI ID:
1474170
Journal Information:
Nature (London), Vol. 560, Issue 7719; ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
ENGLISH
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 109 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (17)

Multiple Roles of HIV-1 Capsid during the Virus Replication Cycle journal April 2019
Restriction of HIV-1 and other retroviruses by TRIM5 journal July 2019
Basis for metabolite-dependent Cullin-RING ligase deneddylation by the COP9 signalosome journal February 2020
The inositol hexakisphosphate kinases IP6K1 and -2 regulate human cellular phosphate homeostasis, including XPR1-mediated phosphate export journal June 2019
Nucleic acid–induced dimerization of HIV-1 Gag protein journal September 2019
Hierarchical assembly governs TRIM5α recognition of HIV-1 and retroviral capsids journal November 2019
A Novel Phenotype Links HIV-1 Capsid Stability to cGAS-Mediated DNA Sensing journal June 2019
Analysis of HIV-1 Matrix-Envelope Cytoplasmic Tail Interactions journal August 2019
Specific inter-domain interactions stabilize a compact HIV-1 Gag conformation journal August 2019
Structures of immature EIAV Gag lattices reveal a conserved role for IP6 in lentivirus assembly journal January 2020
T = 4 Icosahedral HIV-1 Capsid As an Immunogenic Vector for HIV-1 V3 Loop Epitope Display journal November 2018
Cellular IP6 Levels Limit HIV Production while Viruses that Cannot Efficiently Package IP6 Are Attenuated for Infection and Replication journal December 2019
Integrative structural biology of HIV-1 capsid protein assemblies: combining experiment and computation journal June 2021
Off-Pathway Assembly: A Broad-Spectrum Mechanism of Action for Drugs That Undermine Controlled HIV-1 Viral Capsid Formation journal May 2019
A simple, high-throughput stabilization assay to test HIV-1 uncoating inhibitors journal November 2019
Novel Intersubunit Interaction Critical for HIV-1 Core Assembly Defines a Potentially Targetable Inhibitor Binding Pocket journal April 2019
Visualizing HIV-1 Capsid and Its Interactions with Antivirals and Host Factors journal February 2021