High‐Pressure/Temperature Behavior of the Alkali/Calcium Carbonate Shortite (Na 2 Ca 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ): Implications for Carbon Sequestration in Earth's Transition Zone

Vennari, Cara E.; Beavers, Christine M.; Williams, Quentin

doi:10.1029/2018JB015846

Title: High‐Pressure/Temperature Behavior of the Alkali/Calcium Carbonate Shortite (Na ₂ Ca ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ ): Implications for Carbon Sequestration in Earth's Transition Zone

Journal Article · Wed Aug 29 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015846· OSTI ID:1467753

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Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA, Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA

Abstract The behavior of shortite (Na ₂ Ca ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ ) has been probed using synchrotron‐based single crystal X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy at high pressures and following laser heating to illuminate carbon retention within the deep earth, and phase equilibria of alkali/calcium carbonate‐rich systems. Above 15 GPa, a transition to the shortite‐II structure occurs at 300 K. This phase is novel as it involves a large distortion of the carbonates, with an onset of 3 + 1 coordination and near‐dimerization of carbonate groups. Above 22 GPa, shortite‐II amorphizes. Samples laser heated at pressures between 12 and 30 GPa crystallize in a new structure, shortite‐III. Below 12 GPa, this phase appears to decompose into a mixture of shortite, nyerereite (Na ₂ Ca(CO ₃ ) ₂ ), and aragonite (CaCO ₃ ) in accord with prior phase equilibria results. The high‐pressure behavior of nyerereite using Raman spectroscopy was also investigated to 25 GPa. The structural response of shortite to pressure is modulated by the sodium cations in the structure; hence, the behavior of alkali‐rich carbonates within kimberlitic systems at depth is likely dependent on the bonding and local geometry of alkali cations. Our results show that complex, dense high‐pressure structures are generated in the shortite system, and phase equilibria of the protoliths of carbonatites and kimberlites at deep upper mantle and transition zone pressures will involve intermediate alkali‐calcium carbonate phases, including the high‐pressure phases of shortite. Moreover, 3 + 1 coordination of carbon is observed at far lower pressures than other systems: this coordination could become important in complex carbonates and possibly liquids at substantially shallower depths than previously anticipated.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: DE‐AC03‐76SF00098

OSTI ID:: 1467753

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Vol. 123 Journal Issue: 8; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 16 works

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Title: High‐Pressure/Temperature Behavior of the Alkali/Calcium Carbonate Shortite (Na ₂ Ca ₂ (CO ₃ ) ₃ ): Implications for Carbon Sequestration in Earth's Transition Zone