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Title: Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Journal Article · · Physical Review Letters
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We present the precision measurement from May 2011 to May 2017 (79 Bartels rotations) of the proton fluxes at rigidities from 1 to 60 GV and the helium fluxes from 1.9 to 60 GV based on a total of 1 × 10 9 events collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. This measurement is in solar cycle 24, which has the solar maximum in April 2014. We observed that, below 40 GV, the proton flux and the helium flux show nearly identical fine structures in both time and relative amplitude. The amplitudes of the flux structures decrease with increasing rigidity and vanish above 40 GV. The amplitudes of the structures are reduced during the time period, which started one year after solar maximum, when the proton and helium fluxes steadily increase. Above ~ 3 GV the $$p$$/He flux ratio is time independent. We observed that below ~ 3 GV the ratio has a long-term decrease coinciding with the period during which the fluxes start to rise.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Contributing Organization:
AMS Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; 2014/19149-7; 2015/50378-5; 2016/10222-9; 707543-MAtISSE; 40361/01; 40518/03; 258963; 50OO1403; 2013-002-R.0; 2014-037-R.0; NRF-2009-0080142; NRF-2012-010226; NRF-2013-004883; PTDC/FIS/122567/2010; ESP2015-71662-C2-(1-P/2-P); SEV-2015-0548; MDM-2015-0509; RyC-2013-14660; 103-2112-M-006-018-MY3; 105-2112-M-001-003; CDA-105-M06; 2017TEAK(CERN)A5.H6.F2-15; 14255202; 1551980; AC02-05CH11231; JARA0052; HELIO15F-0005; 2014/T72497
OSTI ID:
1462300
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1544240
Journal Information:
Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Vol. 121 Journal Issue: 5; ISSN 0031-9007
Publisher:
American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 79 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal April 2015
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Astroparticle Physiscs with AMS02
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Observation of the Identical Rigidity Dependence of He, C, and O Cosmic Rays at High Rigidities by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal December 2017
Antiproton constraints on the GeV gamma-ray excess: a comprehensive analysis journal December 2014
Precision Measurement of the Helium Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays of Rigidities 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal November 2015
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The internal alignment and position resolution of the AMS-02 silicon tracker determined with cosmic-ray muons
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Evidence for a Time Lag in Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays journal November 2017
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On Polar Magnetic Field Reversal and Surface flux Transport During Solar Cycle 24 journal January 2015
Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal July 2018
Annual Cosmic Ray Spectra from 250 MeV up to 1.6 GeV from 1995 – 2014 Measured with the Electron Proton Helium Instrument onboard SOHO journal March 2016
Solution of Heliospheric Propagation: Unveiling the Local Interstellar Spectra of Cosmic-ray Species journal May 2017
Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station text January 2018
Observation of the Identical Rigidity Dependence of He, C, and O Cosmic Rays at High Rigidities by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station text January 2017

Cited By (33)

The Solar Cycle journal September 2015
Annual Cosmic Ray Spectra from 250 MeV up to 1.6 GeV from 1995 – 2014 Measured with the Electron Proton Helium Instrument onboard SOHO journal March 2016
The passage of energetic charged particles through interplanetary space journal January 1965
Solar modulation and nuclear fragmentation effects in galactic cosmic ray transport through shielding journal October 1994
Propagation of cosmic rays in heliosphere: The HelMod model journal November 2018
The antimatter spectrometer (AMS-02): A particle physics detector in space
  • Battiston, Roberto
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 588, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.01.044
journal April 2008
The internal alignment and position resolution of the AMS-02 silicon tracker determined with cosmic-ray muons
  • Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Azzarello, Ph.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 613, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.11.065
journal February 2010
Upgrade of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) for long term operation on the International Space Station (ISS)
  • Lübelsmeyer, K.; Schultz von Dratzig, A.; Wlochal, M.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 654, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.06.051
journal October 2011
Calibration and performance of the AMS-02 time of flight detector in space
  • Bindi, V.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 743 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.01.002
journal April 2014
Recent developments in Geant4
  • Allison, J.; Amako, K.; Apostolakis, J.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 835 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125
journal November 2016
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station journal October 2013
Astroparticle Physiscs with AMS02
  • Incagli, Marco; Cecchi, Claudia; Ciprini, Stefano
  • SCIENCE WITH THE NEW GENERATION OF HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EXPERIMENTS: Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Gamma-Ray Physics in the LHC Era, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3395995
conference January 2010
The role of merged interaction regions and drafts in the heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays beyond 20 AU - A computer simulation journal January 1993
Cosmic-ray modulation, merged interaction regions, and multifractals journal April 1993
Dark matter searches with cosmic antideuterons: status and perspectives journal September 2013
Constraints on particle dark matter from cosmic-ray antiprotons journal April 2014
Antiproton constraints on the GeV gamma-ray excess: a comprehensive analysis journal December 2014
Systematic study of the uncertainties in fitting the cosmic positron data by AMS-02 journal March 2015
International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the 12th generation journal May 2015
Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays journal January 2013
Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station text January 2018
Solution of Heliospheric Propagation: Unveiling the Local Interstellar Spectra of Cosmic-ray Species journal May 2017
Evidence for a Time Lag in Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays journal November 2017
Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station text January 2018
Validation of the Neutron Monitor Yield Function Using Data From AMS‐02 Experiment, 2011–2017 journal April 2019
Fitting B/C cosmic-ray data in the AMS-02 era: a cookbook: Model numerical precision, data covariance matrix of errors, cross-section nuisance parameters, and mock data journal July 2019
Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer text January 2019
Study of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Flux Modulation by Interplanetary Plasma Structures for the Evaluation of Space Instrument Performance and Space Weather Science Investigations journal November 2019
Numerical Modeling of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Observed by AMS-02 during the Solar Maximum of Solar Cycle 24 journal February 2019
A Numerical Study of Cosmic Proton Modulation Using AMS-02 Observations journal June 2019
Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays from Helium to Nickel in the Inner Heliosphere journal December 2019
Deciphering the Local Interstellar Spectra of Secondary Nuclei with the Galprop/Helmod Framework and a Hint for Primary Lithium in Cosmic Rays journal February 2020
Tracking Cosmic-Ray Spectral Variation during 2007–2018 Using Neutron Monitor Time-delay Measurements journal February 2020

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