Aqueous Sulfate Separation by Sequestration of [(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] 4− Clusters within Highly Insoluble Imine‐Linked Bis‐Guanidinium Crystals
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831-6119 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831-6119 USA, Department of Chemistry The University of Tennessee Buehler Hall 1420 Circle Dr. Knoxville TN 37996-1600 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831-6119 USA, Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station-A5300 Austin TX 78712-0165 USA
Abstract Selective crystallization of sulfate with a simple bis‐guanidinium ligand, self‐assembled in situ from terephthalaldehyde and aminoguanidinium chloride, was employed as an effective way to separate the highly hydrophilic sulfate anion from aqueous solutions. The resulting bis‐iminoguanidinium sulfate salt has exceptionally low aqueous solubility ( K sp =2.4×10 −10 ), comparable to that of BaSO 4 . Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed the sulfate anions are sequestered as [(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] 4− clusters within the crystals. Variable‐temperature solubility measurements indicated the sulfate crystallization is slightly endothermic ( ΔH cryst =3.7 kJ mol −1 ), thus entropy driven. The real‐world utility of this crystallization‐based approach for sulfate separation was demonstrated by removing up to 99 % of sulfate from seawater in a single step.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- OSTI ID:
- 1454902
- Journal Information:
- Chemistry - A European Journal, Journal Name: Chemistry - A European Journal Vol. 22 Journal Issue: 6; ISSN 0947-6539
- Publisher:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
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