Radiation belt electron acceleration during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm: Observations and simulations

Li, W.; Ma, Q.; Thorne, R. M.; Bortnik, J.; Zhang, X. -J.; Li, J.; Baker, D. N.; Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Spence, H. E.; Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.; Blake, J. B.; Fennell, J. F.; Kanekal, S. G.; Angelopoulos, V.; Green, J. C.; Goldstein, J.

doi:10.1002/2016JA022400

Title: Radiation belt electron acceleration during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm: Observations and simulations

Journal Article · Fri Jun 10 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022400· OSTI ID:1402604

Li, W. ^[1];

^[1]; Thorne, R. M. ^[1]; Bortnik, J. ^[1]; Zhang, X. -J. ^[2]; Li, J. ^[1]; Baker, D. N. ^[3];

^[4]; Spence, H. E. ^[5]; Kletzing, C. A. ^[6]; Kurth, W. S. ^[6]; Hospodarsky, G. B. ^[6]; Blake, J. B. ^[7]; Fennell, J. F. ^[7]; Kanekal, S. G. ^[8]; Angelopoulos, V. ^[9]; Green, J. C. ^[10]; Goldstein, J. ^[11]

Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics / Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Lab. for Atmospheric and Space Research
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Inst. for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics / Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences
Space Hazard Applications, Golden, CO (United States)
Southwest Research Inst. (SwRI), San Antonio, TX (United States). Space Science and Engineering Division; Univ. of Texas, San Antonio, TX (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

Various physical processes are known to cause acceleration, loss, and transport of energetic electrons in the Earth's radiation belts, but their quantitative roles in different time and space need further investigation. During the largest storm over the past decade (17 March 2015), relativistic electrons experienced fairly rapid acceleration up to ~7 MeV within 2 days after an initial substantial dropout, as observed by Van Allen Probes. In the present paper, we evaluate the relative roles of various physical processes during the recovery phase of this large storm using a 3-D diffusion simulation. By quantitatively comparing the observed and simulated electron evolution, we found that chorus plays a critical role in accelerating electrons up to several MeV near the developing peak location and produces characteristic flat-top pitch angle distributions. By only including radial diffusion, the simulation underestimates the observed electron acceleration, while radial diffusion plays an important role in redistributing electrons and potentially accelerates them to even higher energies. Moreover, plasmaspheric hiss is found to provide efficient pitch angle scattering losses for hundreds of keV electrons, while its scattering effect on > 1 MeV electrons is relatively slow. Although an additional loss process is required to fully explain the overestimated electron fluxes at multi-MeV, the combined physical processes of radial diffusion and pitch angle and energy diffusion by chorus and hiss reproduce the observed electron dynamics remarkably well, suggesting that quasi-linear diffusion theory is reasonable to evaluate radiation belt electron dynamics during this big storm.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396; 967399; 921647; NAS5-01072; FA9550-15-1-0158; NNX15AI96G; NNX15AF61G; NNX11AR64G; NNX13AI61G; NNX14AI18G; AGS 1405054; 1564510

OSTI ID:: 1402604

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-16-20486; TRN: US1703003

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 6; ISSN 2169-9380

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 74 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (110)

The THEMIS Mission Angelopoulos, V. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 141, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1	journal	April 2008
Radiation belt electron acceleration by chorus waves during the 17 March 2013 storm: ELECTRON ACCELERATION BY CHORUS WAVES Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Ma, Q. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019945	journal	June 2014
Radiation Belt Environment model: Application to space weather nowcasting: RADIATION BELT MODEL AND SPACE WEATHER Fok, Mei-Ching; Horne, Richard B.; Meredith, Nigel P. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 113, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012558	journal	January 2008
Comparison of quasilinear diffusion coefficients for parallel propagating whistler mode waves with test particle simulations: QUASILINEAR DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS Tao, X.; Bortnik, J.; Albert, J. M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046787	journal	March 2011
Modeling the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere during strong geomagnetic storms Tsyganenko, N. A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010798	journal	January 2005
Evolution of chorus waves and their source electrons during storms driven by corotating interaction regions: CHORUS WAVES AND ELECTRONS DURING STORMS Li, Wen; Thorne, Richard; Bortnik, Jacob Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017797	journal	August 2012
Nonlinear interaction of energetic electrons with large amplitude chorus Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M.; Inan, U. S. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035500	journal	January 2008
Combined convective and diffusive simulations: VERB-4D comparison with 17 March 2013 Van Allen Probes observations: VERB-4D Shprits, Yuri Y.; Kellerman, Adam C.; Drozdov, Alexander Y. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065230	journal	November 2015
Injection of electrons and protons with energies of tens of MeV into L < 3 on 24 March 1991 Blake, J. B.; Kolasinski, W. A.; Fillius, R. W. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL00624	journal	April 1992
Evolution of electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt computed with the VERB code: VERB CODE Shprits, Yuri Y.; Subbotin, Dmitri; Ni, Binbin Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013784	journal	November 2009
Modeling inward diffusion and slow decay of energetic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt: Modeling gradual diffusion processes Ma, Q.; Li, W.; Thorne, R. M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062977	journal	February 2015
Evolution and slow decay of an unusual narrow ring of relativistic electrons near L ~ 3.2 following the September 2012 magnetic storm: SLOW DECAY OF RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON RING Thorne, R. M.; Li, W.; Ni, B. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50627	journal	July 2013
Role of the Russell–McPherron effect in the acceleration of relativistic electrons McPherron, R. L.; Baker, D. N.; Crooker, N. U. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 71, Issue 10-11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.11.002	journal	July 2009
Wave-driven butterfly distribution of Van Allen belt relativistic electrons Xiao, Fuliang; Yang, Chang; Su, Zhenpeng Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9590	journal	October 2015
A novel technique to construct the global distribution of whistler mode chorus wave intensity using low-altitude POES electron data: A novel technique for global wave model Ni, Binbin; Li, Wen; Thorne, Richard M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019935	journal	July 2014
Three-dimensional stochastic modeling of radiation belts in adiabatic invariant coordinates Zheng, Liheng; Chan, Anthony A.; Albert, Jay M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020127	journal	September 2014
Radiation belt dynamics: The importance of wave-particle interactions: FRONTIER Thorne, Richard Mansergh Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044990	journal	November 2010
Rapid local acceleration of relativistic radiation-belt electrons by magnetospheric chorus Thorne, R. M.; Li, W.; Ni, B. Nature, Vol. 504, Issue 7480 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12889	journal	December 2013
Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts Horne, Richard B.; Thorne, Richard M.; Shprits, Yuri Y. Nature, Vol. 437, Issue 7056 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03939	journal	September 2005
Solar wind conditions leading to efficient radiation belt electron acceleration: A superposed epoch analysis Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Bortnik, J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065342	journal	September 2015
Electron Acceleration in the Heart of the Van Allen Radiation Belts Reeves, G. D.; Spence, H. E.; Henderson, M. G. Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6149 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237743	journal	July 2013
Competing source and loss mechanisms due to wave-particle interactions in Earth's outer radiation belt during the 30 September to 3 October 2012 geomagnetic storm: COMPETING WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS Turner, D. L.; Angelopoulos, V.; Li, W. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019770	journal	March 2014
Velocity Space Diffusion from Weak Plasma Turbulence in a Magnetic Field Kennel, C. F. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1761629	journal	January 1966
Relativistic electron pitch-angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during geomagnetic storms Summers, Danny Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009489	journal	January 2003
Electron pitch angle distributions throughout the magnetosphere as observed on Ogo 5 West, H. I.; Buck, R. M.; Walton, J. R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA078i007p01064	journal	March 1973
Effect of EMIC waves on relativistic and ultrarelativistic electron populations: Ground-based and Van Allen Probes observations: Usanova et al.: EMIC Waves and Relativistic Electrons Usanova, M. E.; Drozdov, A.; Orlova, K. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL059024	journal	March 2014
Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes Jaynes, A. N.; Baker, D. N.; Singer, H. J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021234	journal	September 2015
High-speed solar wind with southward interplanetary magnetic field causes relativistic electron flux enhancement of the outer radiation belt via enhanced condition of whistler waves: SOLAR WIND-RADIATION BELT COUPLING Miyoshi, Y.; Kataoka, R.; Kasahara, Y. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50916	journal	September 2013
Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Mauk, B. H.; Fox, N. J.; Kanekal, S. G. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9908-y	journal	September 2012
Relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt: Differentiating between acceleration mechanisms Green, Janet C. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA010153	journal	January 2004
An empirical plasmasphere and trough density model: CRRES observations Sheeley, B. W.; Moldwin, M. B.; Rassoul, H. K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA000286	journal	November 2001
Phase space density analysis of the outer radiation belt energetic electron dynamics Iles, Roger H. A.; Meredith, Nigel P.; Fazakerley, Andrew N. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011206	journal	January 2006
Two types of magnetospheric ELF chorus and their substorm dependences Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Smith, Edward J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA082i032p05112	journal	November 1977
Fully adiabatic changes in storm time relativistic electron fluxes Kim, Hee-Jeong; Chan, Anthony A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 102, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA01814	journal	October 1997
The Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT) Instrument on Board the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft: Characterization of Earth’s Radiation Belt High-Energy Particle Populations Baker, D. N.; Kanekal, S. G.; Hoxie, V. C. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9950-9	journal	December 2012
Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves Horne, Richard B. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010811	journal	January 2005
Nonlinear interaction of outer zone electrons with VLF waves: NONLINEAR INTERACTION OF ELECTRONS WITH VLF WAVES Albert, J. M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013941	journal	April 2002
Global model of lower band and upper band chorus from multiple satellite observations: GLOBAL MODEL OF WHISTLER MODE CHORUS Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Sicard-Piet, Angélica Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017978	journal	October 2012
The geomagnetically trapped corpuscular radiation Van Allen, James A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 64, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ064i011p01683	journal	November 1959
An impenetrable barrier to ultrarelativistic electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts Baker, D. N.; Jaynes, A. N.; Hoxie, V. C. Nature, Vol. 515, Issue 7528 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13956	journal	November 2014
Relativistic electron precipitation by EMIC waves from self-consistent global simulations: EMIC WAVES AND RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS Jordanova, V. K.; Albert, J.; Miyoshi, Y. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 113, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013239	journal	March 2008
Relativistic electron microbursts due to nonlinear pitch angle scattering by EMIC triggered emissions: RELATIVISTIC MICROBURSTS BY EMIC WAVES Omura, Yoshiharu; Zhao, Qinghua Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50477	journal	August 2013
Incorporating spectral characteristics of Pc5 waves into three-dimensional radiation belt modeling and the diffusion of relativistic electrons Perry, K. L. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010760	journal	January 2005
Solar cycle changes, geomagnetic variations, and energetic particle properties in the inner magnetosphere Baker, D. N.; Kanekal, S. G. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 70, Issue 2-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2007.08.031	journal	February 2008
Numerical calculations of relativistic electron drift loss effect: RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON DRIFT LOSS Kim, Kyung Chan; Lee, D. -Y.; Kim, H. -J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 113, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA013011	journal	September 2008
Acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms: ACCELERATION AND LOSS OF RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS Reeves, G. D.; McAdams, K. L.; Friedel, R. H. W. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016513	journal	May 2003
Review of radiation belt relativistic electron losses Millan, R. M.; Thorne, R. M. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 69, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2006.06.019	journal	March 2007
Precipitation of radiation belt electrons by EMIC waves, observed from ground and space Miyoshi, Y.; Sakaguchi, K.; Shiokawa, K. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035727	journal	January 2008
The THEMIS Digital Fields Board Cully, C. M.; Ergun, R. E.; Stevens, K. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 141, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9417-1	journal	August 2008
Resonant scattering and resultant pitch angle evolution of relativistic electrons by plasmaspheric hiss: RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING BY HISS Ni, Binbin; Bortnik, Jacob; Thorne, Richard M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019260	journal	December 2013
Outward radial diffusion driven by losses at magnetopause Shprits, Y. Y.; Thorne, R. M.; Friedel, R. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011657	journal	January 2006
Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA’s Van Allen Probes Mission Spence, H. E.; Reeves, G. D.; Baker, D. N. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-0007-5	journal	October 2013
Electron densities inferred from plasma wave spectra obtained by the Waves instrument on Van Allen Probes: Van Allen Probes Electron Densities Kurth, W. S.; De Pascuale, S.; Faden, J. B. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020857	journal	February 2015
Analytic expressions for ULF wave radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients: Analytic Radial Diffusion Coefficients Ozeke, Louis G.; Mann, Ian R.; Murphy, Kyle R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019204	journal	March 2014
Event-specific chorus wave and electron seed population models in DREAM3D using the Van Allen Probes: Tu et al.: Event-specific chorus and seed electrons Tu, Weichao; Cunningham, G. S.; Chen, Y. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058819	journal	March 2014
A split in the outer radiation belt by magnetopause shadowing: Test particle simulations: A SPLIT IN THE OUTER RADIATION BELT Saito, S.; Miyoshi, Y.; Seki, K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014738	journal	August 2010
Ultra-low-frequency wave-driven diffusion of radiation belt relativistic electrons Su, Zhenpeng; Zhu, Hui; Xiao, Fuliang Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10096	journal	December 2015
Statistical properties of plasmaspheric hiss derived from Van Allen Probes data and their effects on radiation belt electron dynamics: PLASMASPHERIC HISS PROPERTIES AND EFFECT Li, W.; Ma, Q.; Thorne, R. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021048	journal	May 2015
Energy-dependent dynamics of keV to MeV electrons in the inner zone, outer zone, and slot regions: ENERGY-DEPENDENT RADIATION BELT DYNAMICS Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Friedel, Reiner H. W.; Larsen, Brian A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021569	journal	January 2016
Discovery of very large amplitude whistler-mode waves in Earth's radiation belts Cattell, C.; Wygant, J. R.; Goetz, K. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032009	journal	January 2008
Radial diffusion analysis of outer radiation belt electrons during the October 9, 1990, magnetic storm Brautigam, D. H.; Albert, J. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900344	journal	January 2000
The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on RBSP Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Acuna, M. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9993-6	journal	June 2013
Three-dimensional diffusion simulation of outer radiation belt electrons during the 9 October 1990 magnetic storm: THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION SIMULATION Albert, Jay M.; Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014336	journal	September 2009
Formation process of relativistic electron flux through interaction with chorus emissions in the Earth's inner magnetosphere Omura, Yoshiharu; Miyashita, Yu; Yoshikawa, Masato Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021563	journal	November 2015
A magnetospheric magnetic field model with a warped tail current sheet Tsyganenko, N. A. Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(89)90066-4	journal	January 1989
Relativistic turning acceleration of radiation belt electrons by whistler mode chorus: RELATIVISTIC TURNING ACCELERATION BY WHISTLER WAVE Furuya, Naoki; Omura, Yoshiharu; Summers, Danny Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 113, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012478	journal	April 2008
New conjunctive CubeSat and balloon measurements to quantify rapid energetic electron precipitation: QUANTIFYING RAPID E - PRECIPITATION LOSS Blum, L. W.; Schiller, Q.; Li, X. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058546	journal	November 2013
A correlation between extended intervals of Ulf wave power and storm-time geosynchronous relativistic electron flux enhancements Mathie, R. A.; Mann, I. R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL003822	journal	October 2000
The Magnetosphere Schulz, Michael Geomagnetism https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-378674-6.50008-X	book	January 1991
Flux enhancement of the outer radiation belt electrons after the arrival of stream interaction regions: RADIATION BELT RESPONSE TO SIR Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Kataoka, Ryuho Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 113, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012506	journal	January 2008
The energization of relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen radiation belt Chen, Yue; Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Friedel, Reiner H. W. Nature Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys655	journal	July 2007
Global distribution of whistler-mode chorus waves observed on the THEMIS spacecraft Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Angelopoulos, V. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037595	journal	January 2009
Radial transport of radiation belt electrons due to stormtime Pc5 waves Ukhorskiy, A. Y.; Sitnov, M. I.; Takahashi, K. Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2173-2009	journal	January 2009
Potential waves for relativistic electron scattering and stochastic acceleration during magnetic storms Horne, Richard B.; Thorne, Richard M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01002	journal	August 1998
Magnetopause location under extreme solar wind conditions Shue, J. -H.; Song, P.; Russell, C. T. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 103, Issue A8 https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01103	journal	August 1998
Quantifying radial diffusion coefficients of radiation belt electrons based on global MHD simulation and spacecraft measurements: QUANTIFY RADIAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS Tu, Weichao; Elkington, Scot R.; Li, Xinlin Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017901	journal	October 2012
Relativistic electron response to the combined magnetospheric impact of a coronal mass ejection overlapping with a high‐speed stream: Van Allen Probes observations Kanekal, S. G.; Baker, D. N.; Henderson, M. G. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021395	journal	September 2015
Bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients due to resonant interaction of the outer radiation belt electrons with oblique chorus waves computed in a realistic magnetic field model: SCATTERING RATES IN A REALISTIC FIELD Orlova, Ksenia G.; Shprits, Yuri Y.; Ni, Binbin Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017591	journal	July 2012
Magnetic field drift shell splitting: Cause of unusual dayside particle pitch angle distributions during storms and substorms Sibeck, D. G.; McEntire, R. W.; Lui, A. T. Y. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue A12 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA12p13485	journal	January 1987
Three-dimensional electron radiation belt simulations using the BAS Radiation Belt Model with new diffusion models for chorus, plasmaspheric hiss, and lightning-generated whistlers: GLAUERT ET AL. Glauert, Sarah A.; Horne, Richard B.; Meredith, Nigel P. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019281	journal	January 2014
Geomagnetically trapped electrons from cosmic ray albedo neutrons Lenchek, A. M.; Singer, S. F.; Wentworth, R. C. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 66, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ066i012p04027	journal	December 1961
Evidence that solar wind fluctuations substantially affect global convection and substorm occurrence: IMF FLUCTUATIONS-CONVECTION AND SUBSTORMS Lyons, L. R.; Kim, H. -J.; Xing, X. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014281	journal	November 2009
Resonant scattering of plasma sheet electrons by whistler-mode chorus: Contribution to diffuse auroral precipitation Ni, Binbin; Thorne, Richard M.; Shprits, Yuri Y. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034032	journal	January 2008
The role of drift orbit bifurcations in energization and loss of electrons in the outer radiation belt: THE ROLE OF DRIFT ORBIT BIFURCATIONS Ukhorskiy, A. Y.; Sitnov, M. I.; Millan, R. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016623	journal	September 2011
Formation of energetic electron butterfly distributions by magnetosonic waves via Landau resonance Li, Jinxing; Ni, Binbin; Ma, Qianli Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067853	journal	April 2016
Modeling radiation belt radial diffusion in ULF wave fields: 2. Estimating rates of radial diffusion using combined MHD and particle codes: ESTIMATE RADIAL DIFFUSION RATE Huang, Chia-Lin; Spence, Harlan E.; Hudson, Mary K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014918	journal	June 2010
Comparison of bounce-averaged quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for parallel propagating whistler mode waves with test particle simulations: QUASILINEAR DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS Tao, Xin; Bortnik, Jacob; Albert, Jay M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017931	journal	October 2012
Van Allen Probes show that the inner radiation zone contains no MeV electrons: ECT/MagEIS data Fennell, J. F.; Claudepierre, S. G.; Blake, J. B. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062874	journal	March 2015
Constructing the global distribution of chorus wave intensity using measurements of electrons by the POES satellites and waves by the Van Allen Probes: GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHORUS WAVES Li, W.; Ni, B.; Thorne, R. M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50920	journal	September 2013
Rebuilding process of the outer radiation belt during the 3 November 1993 magnetic storm: NOAA and Exos-D observations Miyoshi, Yoshizumi Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA007542	journal	January 2003
Simulation of the prompt energization and transport of radiation belt particles during the March 24, 1991 SSC Li, Xinlin; Roth, I.; Temerin, M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1029/93GL02701	journal	November 1993
Outer radiation belt boundary location relative to the magnetopause: Implications for magnetopause shadowing: BRIEF REPORT Matsumura, C.; Miyoshi, Y.; Seki, K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016575	journal	June 2011
In situ signatures of residual plasmaspheric plumes: Observations and simulation Goldstein, J.; Thomsen, M. F.; DeJong, A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019953	journal	June 2014
Relativistic model of ring current and radiation belt ions and electrons: Initial results: RADIATION BELT IONS AND ELECTRONS Jordanova, V. K.; Miyoshi, Y. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023020	journal	July 2005
Spatio-temporal structure of storm-time chorus Santolík, O. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue A7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009791	journal	January 2003
Observations and modeling of energetic electron dynamics during the October 2001 storm Miyoshi, Y. S.; Jordanova, V. K.; Morioka, A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011351	journal	January 2006
Electron acceleration in the Van Allen radiation belts by fast magnetosonic waves Horne, Richard B.; Thorne, Richard M.; Glauert, Sarah A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030267	journal	January 2007
Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts Schulz, Michael; Lanzerotti, Louis J. Physics and Chemistry in Space (book series) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65675-0	book	January 1974
Relativistic electron precipitation during magnetic storm main phase Thorne, R. M.; Kennel, C. F. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 76, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA076i019p04446	journal	July 1971
Model of the energization of outer-zone electrons by whistler-mode chorus during the October 9, 1990 geomagnetic storm: MODEL OF ENERGIZATION OF OUTER-ZONE ELECTRONS Summers, D.; Ma, C.; Meredith, N. P. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016039	journal	December 2002
Ring current ions and radiation belt electrons during geomagnetic storms driven by coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Kataoka, Ryuho Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024590	journal	January 2005
Evidence for injection of relativistic electrons into the Earth's outer radiation belt via intense substorm electric fields Dai, Lei; Wygant, John R.; Cattell, Cynthia A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059228	journal	February 2014
Dynamic evolution of energetic outer zone electrons due to wave-particle interactions during storms: EVOLUTION OF ENERGETIC ELECTRONS Li, W.; Shprits, Y. Y.; Thorne, R. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 112, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012368	journal	October 2007
On the loss of relativistic electrons at geosynchronous altitude: Its dependence on magnetic configurations and external conditions: LOSS OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS MeV ELECTRONS Ohtani, S.; Miyoshi, Y.; Singer, H. J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 114, Issue A1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013391	journal	January 2009
Effects of discreteness of chorus waves on quasilinear diffusion-based modeling of energetic electron dynamics Tao, Xin; Bortnik, Jacob; Albert, Jay M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020022	journal	November 2014
Quantifying the radiation belt seed population in the 17 March 2013 electron acceleration event Boyd, A. J.; Spence, H. E.; Claudepierre, S. G. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059626	journal	April 2014
Global distribution of wave amplitudes and wave normal angles of chorus waves using THEMIS wave observations: CHORUS WAVE DISTRIBUTION ON THEMIS Li, W.; Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017035	journal	December 2011
Energetic outer zone electron loss timescales during low geomagnetic activity Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Glauert, Sarah A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011516	journal	January 2006
Active auroral arc powered by accelerated electrons from very high altitudes Imajo, Shun; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Kazama, Yoichi Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79665-5	journal	January 2021
The THEMIS Digital Fields Board Cully, C. M.; Ergun, R. E.; Stevens, K. The THEMIS Mission https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89820-9_15	book	January 2009

Cited By (7)

Monte Carlo simulations of the sensor head of imaging energetic electron spectrometer onboard a Chinese IGSO navigation satellite Zou, Hong; Ye, YuGuang; Zong, QiuGang Science China Technological Sciences, Vol. 62, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9314-6	journal	October 2018
Earth's Van Allen Radiation Belts: From Discovery to the Van Allen Probes Era Li, W.; Hudson, M. K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja025940	journal	November 2019
From solar sneezing to killer electrons: outer radiation belt response to solar eruptions Daglis, Ioannis A.; Katsavrias, Christos; Georgiou, Marina Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 377, Issue 2148 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0097	journal	May 2019
Ground geomagnetic field and GIC response to March 17, 2015, storm Kozyreva, Olga V.; Pilipenko, Vyacheslav A.; Belakhovsky, Vladimir B. Earth, Planets and Space, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0933-2	journal	October 2018
On the Close Correspondence Between Storm Time ULF Wave Power and the POES VLF Chorus Wave Amplitude Proxy Dimitrakoudis, Stavros; Mann, Ian R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081317	journal	February 2019
Modeling the Electron Flux Enhancement and Butterfly Pitch Angle Distributions on L Shells <2.5 Hua, Man; Li, Wen; Ma, Qianli Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084822	journal	October 2019
Highly relativistic electron flux enhancement during the weak geomagnetic storm of April-May 2017 Katsavrias, Ch; Sandberg, I.; Li, W. Unpublished https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.29857.66409	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Simulation of energy-dependent electron diffusion processes in the Earth's outer radiation belt

Journal Article · Thu Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics · OSTI ID:1402604

Ma, Q.; Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; +12 more

Physical mechanism causing rapid changes in ultrarelativistic electron pitch angle distributions right after a shock arrival: Evaluation of an electron dropout event: Drift Shell Splitting on the Dayside

Journal Article · Sat Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics · OSTI ID:1402604

Zhang, X. -J.; Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; +14 more

Characteristic energy range of electron scattering due to plasmaspheric hiss

Journal Article · Tue Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics · OSTI ID:1402604

Ma, Q.; Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; +11 more

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
58 GEOSCIENCES
Heliospheric and Magnetospheric Physics
electron acceleration
chorus-driven local acceleration
radial diffusion

Title: Radiation belt electron acceleration during the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm: Observations and simulations

Citation Formats

References (110)

Cited By (7)

Similar Records

Related Subjects