Advances in Plant ER Architecture and Dynamics
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic subcellular compartment that is essential to eukaryotic life because it contributes significantly to the synthesis of fundamental building blocks of the cell, including proteins and lipids, and it acts as an important architectural scaffold to maintain a well-organized spatial distribution of the other endomembrane organelles. Recent analyses with live cell imaging coupled with genetics studies have brought to light the incredible dynamism of this organelle and the underlying drivers as well as the impact of the ER organization on the general cellular homeostasis and plant growth. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms that enable the morphological integrity of the plant ER in relation to the other organelles and the cytoskeleton. The endomembrane system comprises endocytic and biosynthetic cellular processes that are closely integrated. At the core of the endomembrane system lies the ER, an essential and largely pleiotropic organelle. With its network of interconnected tubules and flattened cisternae, the ER represents the organelle with the largest membrane surface area and can be considered as the gatekeeper of the secretory pathway that controls multiple checkpoints in protein biosynthesis: folding, quality control, signaling, and degradation. In addition to proteins such as receptors, ion channels, and enzymes, the ER synthesizes a wide variety of cargo molecules that control a large spectrum of physiological and essential processes, and are eventually shipped from the ER or retained in this organelle (Aridor and Hannan, 2000; Kim and Brandizzi, 2016; Brandizzi, 2017). Furthermore, with its function in controlling protein synthesis and folding, the ER has an important role in abiotic and biotic stress resistance through the unfolded protein response signaling (Angelos et al., 2017). The ER also is an important cellular compartment for calcium storage and carbohydrate metabolism (Vitale and Denecke, 1999; Vitale and Galili, 2001).
- Research Organization:
- Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-91ER20021
- OSTI ID:
- 1398525
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1596313
- Journal Information:
- Plant Physiology (Bethesda), Journal Name: Plant Physiology (Bethesda) Vol. 176 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 0032-0889
- Publisher:
- American Society of Plant BiologistsCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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