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Title: Advanced LIGO constraints on neutron star mergers and r-process sites

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [1];  [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [6]
  1. Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC (Canada); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
  2. Warsaw Univ., Warsaw (Poland)
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  4. Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC (Canada)
  5. Univ. of Basel, Basel (Switzerland)
  6. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

The role of compact binary mergers as the main production site of r-process elements is investigated by combining stellar abundances of Eu observed in the Milky Way, galactic chemical evolution (GCE) simulations, and binary population synthesis models, and gravitational wave measurements from Advanced LIGO. We compiled and reviewed seven recent GCE studies to extract the frequency of neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS) mergers that is needed in order to reproduce the observed [Eu/Fe] versus [Fe/H] relationship. We used our simple chemical evolution code to explore the impact of different analytical delay-time distribution functions for NS–NS mergers. We then combined our metallicity-dependent population synthesis models with our chemical evolution code to bring their predictions, for both NS–NS mergers and black hole–neutron star mergers, into a GCE context. Finally, we convolved our results with the cosmic star formation history to provide a direct comparison with current and upcoming Advanced LIGO measurements. When assuming that NS–NS mergers are the exclusive r-process sites, and that the ejected r-process mass per merger event is 0.01 M$${}_{\odot }$$, the number of NS–NS mergers needed in GCE studies is about 10 times larger than what is predicted by standard population synthesis models. Here, these two distinct fields can only be consistent with each other when assuming optimistic rates, massive NS–NS merger ejecta, and low Fe yields for massive stars. For now, population synthesis models and GCE simulations are in agreement with the current upper limit (O1) established by Advanced LIGO during their first run of observations. Upcoming measurements will provide an important constraint on the actual local NS–NS merger rate, will provide valuable insights on the plausibility of the GCE requirement, and will help to define whether or not compact binary mergers can be the dominant source of r-process elements in the universe.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396
OSTI ID:
1351985
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-16-27614; TRN: US1700703
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 836, Issue 2; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 52 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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A new delay time distribution for merging neutron stars tested against Galactic and cosmic data journal April 2019
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GW170817 --the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: Implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process journal November 2019
The R -process Alliance: First Release from the Southern Search for R -process-enhanced Stars in the Galactic Halo journal May 2018
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Stochastic Chemical Evolution of Galactic Subhalos and the Origin of r -process Elements journal September 2018
Physical Conditions for the r -process. I. Radioactive Energy Sources of Kilonovae journal November 2018
Neutron Star Mergers are the Dominant Source of the r -process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies journal December 2018
Neutron Star Mergers Might Not Be the Only Source of r -process Elements in the Milky Way journal April 2019
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Inferring Galactic Parameters from Chemical Abundances: A Multi-star Approach journal December 2019
Gamma Rays from Kilonova: A Potential Probe of r -process Nucleosynthesis journal February 2020
The Populations of Carina. II. Chemical Enrichment journal June 2017
JINAbase—A Database for Chemical Abundances of Metal-poor Stars journal October 2018
Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817 journal December 2017
Early Solar System r -process Abundances Limit Collapsar Origin journal August 2019
Is GW190425 Consistent with Being a Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger? journal February 2020
The Populations of Carina. II. Chemical Enrichment text January 2017
Estimating the contribution of dynamical ejecta in the kilonova associated with GW170817 text January 2017
Impact of ejecta morphology and composition on the electromagnetic signatures of neutron star mergers text January 2017
Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817 text January 2017
JINAbase: A database for chemical abundances of metal-poor stars text January 2017
Stochastic Chemical Evolution of Galactic Subhalos and the Origin of r-Process Elements text January 2018
Physical conditions for the r-process I. radioactive energy sources of kilonovae text January 2018
Neutron Star Mergers Are the Dominant Source of the r-process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies text January 2018
A new delay time distribution for merging neutron stars tested against Galactic and cosmic data text January 2019
GW170817$-$the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process text January 2019
Gamma-rays from kilonova: a potential probe of r-process nucleosynthesis text January 2019
Early Solar System $r$-process Abundances Limit Collapsar Origin text January 2019
Using failed supernovae to constrain the Galactic r-process element production text January 2019

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