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Title: Mapping the conformational landscape of a dynamic enzyme by multitemperature and XFEL crystallography

Journal Article · · eLife
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07574· OSTI ID:1260399

Determining the interconverting conformations of dynamic proteins in atomic detail is a major challenge for structural biology. Conformational heterogeneity in the active site of the dynamic enzyme cyclophilin A (CypA) has been previously linked to its catalytic function, but the extent to which the different conformations of these residues are correlated is unclear. Here we compare the conformational ensembles of CypA by multitemperature synchrotron crystallography and fixed-target X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) crystallography. The diffraction-before-destruction nature of XFEL experiments provides a radiation-damage-free view of the functionally important alternative conformations of CypA, confirming earlier synchrotron-based results. We monitored the temperature dependences of these alternative conformations with eight synchrotron datasets spanning 100-310 K. Multiconformer models show that many alternative conformations in CypA are populated only at 240 K and above, yet others remain populated or become populated at 180 K and below. These results point to a complex evolution of conformational heterogeneity between 180-–240 K that involves both thermal deactivation and solvent-driven arrest of protein motions in the crystal. The lack of a single shared conformational response to temperature within the dynamic active-site network provides evidence for a conformation shuffling model, in which exchange between rotamer states of a large aromatic ring in the middle of the network shifts the conformational ensemble for the other residues in the network. Together, our multitemperature analyses and XFEL data motivate a new generation of temperature- and time-resolved experiments to structurally characterize the dynamic underpinnings of protein function.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
DOE Contract Number:
GM103485; DMR-1332208; STC-1231306; GM110580; OD009180; SLAC-LDRD-0014-13-2; MCB-1330685; GM094586; Postdoctoral Research Fellowship; GM103393; GM102520; BioXFEL Postdoctoral Fellowship; AC02-76SF00515; Collaborative Innovation Award (HCIA); Packard Fellow; Pew Scholar; Searle Scholar; GM095887; Graduate Research Fellowship
OSTI ID:
1260399
Journal Information:
eLife, Vol. 4; ISSN 2050-084X
Publisher:
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (35)

How accurately do force fields represent protein side chain ensembles? journal September 2018
Radiation Damage in Macromolecular Crystallography book January 2017
Conformational footprints journal October 2016
Rescue of conformational dynamics in enzyme catalysis by directed evolution journal April 2018
Nylon mesh-based sample holder for fixed-target serial femtosecond crystallography journal May 2019
Enzyme activity and structural features of three single-domain phloem cyclophilins from Brassica napus journal June 2019
Ultrasonic acoustic levitation for fast frame rate X-ray protein crystallography at room temperature journal May 2016
Dynamic design: manipulation of millisecond timescale motions on the energy landscape of cyclophilin A journal January 2020
Microfluidics: From crystallization to serial time-resolved crystallography journal May 2017
Entropy in molecular recognition by proteins journal June 2017
Quantitative structural assessment of graded receptor agonism journal October 2019
X-ray free-electron laser: opportunities for drug discovery journal July 2018
RIDL : a tool to investigate radiation-induced density loss journal May 2018
A temperature-controlled cold-gas humidifier and its application to protein crystals with the humid-air and glue-coating method journal June 2019
Shining light on cysteine modification: connecting protein conformational dynamics to catalysis and regulation journal June 2019
Intermolecular correlations are necessary to explain diffuse scattering from protein crystals journal February 2018
Dose-resolved serial synchrotron and XFEL structures of radiation-sensitive metalloproteins journal May 2019
Journey to the center of the protein: allostery from multitemperature multiconformer X-ray crystallography journal January 2019
Solvent flows, conformation changes and lattice reordering in a cold protein crystal journal October 2019
Data systems for the Linac coherent light source journal January 2017
Protein ensembles link genotype to phenotype journal June 2019
X-ray free electron laser: opportunities for drug discovery journal November 2017
Assessment of enzyme active site positioning and tests of catalytic mechanisms through X-ray–derived conformational ensembles journal December 2020
Radiation Damage in Macromolecular Crystallography journal November 2015
Ice formation and solvent nanoconfinement in protein crystals text January 2019
Temperature-jump solution X-ray scattering reveals distinct motions in a dynamic enzyme journal September 2019
Resolution and dose dependence of radiation damage in biomolecular systems journal July 2019
Comparing serial X-ray crystallography and microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) as methods for routine structure determination from small macromolecular crystals journal February 2020
Strategies for sample delivery for femtosecond crystallography text January 2019
Ice formation and solvent nanoconfinement in protein crystals text January 2019
A temperature-controlled cold-gas humidifier and its application to protein crystals with the humid-air and glue-coating method text January 2019
Dose-resolved serial synchrotron and XFEL structures of radiation-sensitive metalloproteins text January 2019
Enzyme activity and structural features of three single-domain phloem cyclophilins from Brassica napus text January 2019
Ice formation and solvent nanoconfinement in protein crystals journal July 2019
Intermolecular correlations are necessary to explain diffuse scattering from protein crystals text January 2017

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