Iron transformation pathways and redox micro-environments in seafloor sulfide-mineral deposits: Spatially resolved Fe XAS and δ57/54Fe observations

Toner, Brandy M.; Rouxel, Olivier J.; Santelli, Cara M.; Bach, Wolfgang; Edwards, Katrina J.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00648

Title: Iron transformation pathways and redox micro-environments in seafloor sulfide-mineral deposits: Spatially resolved Fe XAS and δ^57/54Fe observations

Journal Article · Tue May 10 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Frontiers in Microbiology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00648· OSTI ID:1257607

Toner, Brandy M. ^[1]; Rouxel, Olivier J. ^[2]; Santelli, Cara M. ^[3]; Bach, Wolfgang ^[4]; Edwards, Katrina J. ^[5]

Univ. of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN (United States)
Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzane (France)
Univ. of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Univ. of Bremen, Bremen (Germany)
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Hydrothermal sulfide chimneys located along the global system of oceanic spreading centers are habitats for microbial life during active venting. Hydrothermally extinct, or inactive, sulfide deposits also host microbial communities at globally distributed sites. The main goal of this study is to describe Fe transformation pathways, through precipitation and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, and examine transformation products for signatures of biological activity using Fe mineralogy and stable isotope approaches. The study includes active and inactive sulfides from the East Pacific Rise 9°50'N vent field. First, the mineralogy of Fe(III)-bearing precipitates is investigated using microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (μXAS) and X-ray diffraction (μXRD). Second, laser-ablation (LA) and micro-drilling (MD) are used to obtain spatially-resolved Fe stable isotope analysis by multicollector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Eight Fe-bearing minerals representing three mineralogical classes are present in the samples: oxyhydroxides, secondary phyllosilicates, and sulfides. For Fe oxyhydroxides within chimney walls and layers of Si-rich material, enrichments in both heavy and light Fe isotopes relative to pyrite are observed, yielding a range of δ⁵⁷Fe values up to 6‰. Overall, several pathways for Fe transformation are observed. Pathway 1 is characterized by precipitation of primary sulfide minerals from Fe(II)aq-rich fluids in zones of mixing between vent fluids and seawater. Pathway 2 is also consistent with zones of mixing but involves precipitation of sulfide minerals from Fe(II)aq generated by Fe(III) reduction. Pathway 3 is direct oxidation of Fe(II) aq from hydrothermal fluids to form Fe(III) precipitates. Finally, Pathway 4 involves oxidative alteration of pre-existing sulfide minerals to form Fe(III). The Fe mineralogy and isotope data do not support or refute a unique biological role in sulfide alteration. The findings reveal a dynamic range of Fe transformation pathways consistent with a continuum of micro-environments having variable redox conditions. Lastly, these micro-environments likely support redox cycling of Fe and S and are consistent with culture-dependent and -independent assessments of microbial physiology and genetic diversity of hydrothermal sulfide deposits.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1257607

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 7; ISSN 1664-302X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Neutrophilic Fe-Oxidizing Bacteria Are Abundant at the Loihi Seamount Hydrothermal Vents and Play a Major Role in Fe Oxide Deposition Emerson, D.; Moyer, C. L. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 68, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.3085-3093.2002	journal	June 2002
Incidence and Diversity of Microorganisms within the Walls of an Active Deep-Sea Sulfide Chimney Schrenk, M. O.; Kelley, D. S.; Delaney, J. R. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 69, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3580-3592.2003	journal	June 2003

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Inactive Sulfide Ecosystems in the Deep Sea: A Review Van Dover, Cindy Lee Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00461	journal	July 2019
Low Energy Subsurface Environments as Extraterrestrial Analogs Jones, Rose M.; Goordial, Jacqueline M.; Orcutt, Beth N. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01605	journal	July 2018
Oxidative Weathering and Microbial Diversity of an Inactive Seafloor Hydrothermal Sulfide Chimney Li, Jiangtao; Cui, Jiamei; Yang, Qunhui Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01378	journal	July 2017

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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hydrothermal
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stable isotopes
micro-environment
mineral alteration
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Title: Iron transformation pathways and redox micro-environments in seafloor sulfide-mineral deposits: Spatially resolved Fe XAS and δ57/54Fe observations

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Title: Iron transformation pathways and redox micro-environments in seafloor sulfide-mineral deposits: Spatially resolved Fe XAS and δ^57/54Fe observations