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The Manhattan ProjectSites and Their Contributions · Key Events · Scientists · Its Story · Additional Information · Related Information President Roosevelt Establishes the
Manhattan Project ![]() Courtesy of National Nuclear Security Administration The 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Manhattan Project on August 13, 1942, is celebrated this year. The Manhattan Project played an essential role in bringing World War II to an end through the building of the atomic bomb. This major achievement was possible because the U.S. government conducted a massive, secret, nationwide enterprise that took science from the laboratory and into combat with an entirely new type of weapon. Three primary sites were chosen to be the locations for this effort, with other sites playing key roles. Many renowned scientists from both the United States and abroad combined their extensive knowledge and expertise to meet the challenges of doing great work in a very short period of time. After the end of the war, the United States directed efforts towards peaceful uses of atomic energy. The Manhattan Project is a predecessor of the U.S. Department of Energy. The Sites and Their Contributions:Manhattan Project Map of Sites
Manhattan, New York -- Why They Called It the Manhattan Project Oak Ridge, Tennessee • Selected as Uranium Enrichment Site
• The Graphite Reactor: A Historic Landmark at Oak Ridge National Laboratory • Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review, [The First Fifty Years] • Swords to Plowshares: A Short History of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1943 - 1993) Los Alamos, New Mexico Hanford, Washington Chicago, Illinois
• Promethean Boldness at University of Chicago's Stagg Field
• Argonne's Rich Scientific Heritage [Argonne National Laboratory] • Uranium Enrichment Ames, Iowa Key Events:
August 2, 1939 -- Albert Einstein's Letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Turning Points
• Albert Einstein Alerts President Roosevelt of German Atomic Energy Program • Einstein's Letter January 19, 1942 -- President Roosevelt Approves Production of Atomic Bomb August 13, 1942 -- Manhattan Engineer District is established December 2, 1942 -- First Self-sustaining Nuclear Chain Reaction
• Enrico Fermi Achieves First Self Sustain Nuclear Chain Reaction
• First-hand Recollections of the First Self-sustaining Chain Reaction • Manhattan Project Notebook (1942) -- records the nuclear chain reaction • The Patent • Patent on World's First Reactor Was a Long Time Coming (Argonne Historical News Releases) August 6, 1945 -- Little Boy Dropped on Hiroshima August 9, 1945 -- Fat Man Dropped on Nagasaki September 2, 1945 -- Japan Signs Official Instrument of Surrender, (more information) December 8, 1953 -- Atoms for Peace Speech • President Eisenhower Delivers Atoms for Peace Speech
• The Speech • More information about peaceful uses of the atom Scientists:Bethe, Hans
Bloch, Felix Fermi, Enrico Feynman, Richard P. Lawrence, Ernest O. McMillan, Edwin Oppenheimer, J. Robert Seaborg, Glenn T. Szilard, Leo Teller, Edward Urey, Harold Nobel Laureates Gallery Additional Information:
The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb
The Records of the Manhattan Project and Beyond Leslie R. Groves Deflecting Physics for War The Manhattan Project: An Interactive History The Manhattan Project, Rice University Center for Oak Ridge Oral History, including stories about the Manhattan Project An Overflow Crowd of Hans Bethe's Peers Hears One of the Great Historian of Physics The Manhattan Project: A New and Secret World of Human Experimentation Related Information:Future of Atomic Energy by Enrico Fermi
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