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Ivar Giaever, Tunneling, and SuperconductorsResources with Additional Information · Patents ![]() Courtesy of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 'Dr. Giaever received his engineering degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology. After college, he emigrated to Canada, where he worked as a mechanical engineer with General Electric, and later transferred to GE's Development Center in Schenectady, N.Y. There, he shifted his interest to physics, and did graduate work at Rensselaer, receiving a Ph.D. in 1964. From 1958 to 1970, Dr. Giaever worked in the fields of thin films, tunneling, and superconductivity,'1 research that resulted in his receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973. '[I]n 1971, Dr. Giaever began studying the behavior of organic molecules at solid surfaces, and the interaction of cells with surfaces. In 1988, he became an Institute Professor of Science at Rensselaer.' 1 While working at GE Corporate Research and Development, Dr. Giaever and Dr. Charles R. Keese invented ECIS™ (Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing), a technology, which studies, in real time, the activities of cells grown in tissue culture. … In 1991, as the potential applications of the ECIS technology became more apparent, Giaever and Keese formed Applied BioPhysics to develop, commercialize and market ECIS and other biophysical technologies.' 1 Resources with Additional InformationAdditional information about Ivar Giaever, tunneling, and superconductivity is available in electronic documents and on the Web. Documents:Energy Gap in Superconductors Measured by Electron Tunneling; Physical Review Letters, Vol. 5 Issue 4: 147 - 148; August 15, 1960 Electron Tunneling Between Two Superconductors; Physical Review Letters, Vol. 5 Issue 10: 464 - 466; November 15, 1960 Electron Tunneling and Superconductivity; Review of Modern Physics, Vol. 46 Issue 2: 245 - 250; April 1, 1974 The Discovery of Superconducting Tunneling Ivar Giaever Brief Bio, American Institute of Physics (AIP) 1965 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize Recipient, American Physical Society (APS) Nobel Laureate Ivar Giaever Lectures … Dr. Ivar Giaever, Faculty at Capital Lyceum Interview with Ivar Giaever (video) Ivar Giaever - Science Video Interview: Tunneling in Semiconductors and Superconductors (video) How Quantum Tunneling Works (video) Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
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